Since the 1960s, biological macromolecules have occupied an increasingly important role in evolutionary and systematic studies. These biological macromolecules, used as sources of molecular characteristics, are proteins and various types of DNA such as a nuclear genome, nuclear ribosomal DNA, mitochondrial genome, and chloroplast genome. Electrophoresis and immunological techniques are used for...

We have developeda simple and reproducible fingerprinting method for screeningthegenomefor regionsof DNA thathavealteredpatternsof DNA methylationassociatedwith oncogenictransformation.Restriction enzymes with different sensitivities to cytosine methylation in their rec ognition sites were used to digest genomic DNAs from primary tumors, cell lines, and normal tissuesprior to arbitrarily primed...

Molecular biology methods offer new opportunities to differentiate, identify and type bacterial species and strains. These methods use the variability of nucleic sequences of genes such as 16S rDNA, beta subunit RNA-ase (rpoB), gyrase (gyrB), rDNA internal transcribed spacer and other genes. The aim of this paper is to provide comprehensive information about the methods available to differentia...

Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) fingerprinting was recently introduced into food microbiology. This paper describes the technique and reports on the state-of-the-art application of this technique to food and food-related ecosystems. Applications of PCR-DGGE in several fields of food microbiology are reviewed: the identification of microorganisms isol...

To investigate the possibility of horizontal gene transfer between agricultural microorganisms and soil microorganisms in the environment, Bacillus subtilis KB producing iturin and the PGPR recombinant strain Pseudomonas fluorescens MX1 were used as model microorganisms. The soil samples of cucumber or tomato plants cultivated in pots and the greenhouse for a six month period were investigated ...

fusarium solain is the most important pathogen of huge range of plant hosts, especially potato in the word, which causes tuber rot in storage and root rot of potato plants in fields. fifty four isolates from potato, bean, chickpea and cucurbit (melon, watermelon and cucumber) was subjected in a study through analysis of vegetative compatibility groups (vcgs) and rep-pcr dna fingerprinting. nit ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Infections due to seafood associated Salmonella serovars are great risk to public health. Different phenotypic characteristics have been used previously for epidemiological investigation of Salmonella. Beyond the phenotypic characterization, a reliable genetic level discriminatory method is required. Therefore, this study was attempted to use different phenotypic and mol...

In this study, we evaluated three PCR-based methods for the molecular typing of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates: random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The analyses were performed using 64 isolates of F. oxysporum collected from cotton-producing areas in E...