Two pathogenic Escherichia coli, Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), adhere to the outside of host cells and induce cytoskeletal rearrangements leading to the formation of membrane-encased pedestals comprised of actin filaments and other associated proteins beneath the bacteria. The structure of the pedestals induced by the two pathogens appears similar, althou...

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) triggers a dramatic rearrangement of the host epithelial cell actin cytoskeleton to form an attaching and effacing lesion, or pedestal. The pathogen remains attached extracellularly to the host cell through the pedestal for the duration of the infection. At the tip of the pedestal is a bacterial protein, Tir, which is secreted from the bacterium into the...

Citation McDermott, R. M. et al. " Edge radial electric field structure and its connections to H-mode confinement in Alcator C-Mod plasmas. Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits ...

This publication presents high spatio-temporal resolution (mm µs−1) density profile measurements of the pedestal top during type I, III, and small edge localized mode (ELM) H-mode plasmas in tokamak à configuration variable (TCV). These were performed using a novel short-pulse reflectometer. Average inter-ELM profiles are obtained via conditional averaging D trace as ELM indicator. Changes to g...

This paper explores the fundamental characteristics of electron-temperature-gradient (ETG)-driven turbulence in tokamak pedestal. The extreme gradients pedestal produce linear instabilities and nonlinear that are distinct from corresponding ETG phenomenology core plasma. system exhibits multiple (greater than ten) unstable eigenmodes at each perpendicular wave vector, representing different tor...

Abstract This paper reviews current understanding of key physics elements that control the H-mode pedestal structure, which exists at boundary magnetically confined plasmas. The structure interest is width, height and gradient temperature, density pressure profiles in pedestal. Emphasis placed on obtained from combined experimental, theoretical simulation work results observed multiple machines...

PURPOSE To evaluate contrast threshold and contrast gain in patients with optic neuritis under conditions designed to favor mediation by either the inferred magnocellular (MC) or parvocellular (PC) pathway. METHODS Achromatic and chromatic contrast discrimination was measured in 11 patients with unilateral or bilateral optic neuritis and in 18 age-matched controls with normal vision, using ac...

The ASDEX Upgrade suite of edge pedestal diagnostics has been significantly improved. A new edge ion temperature and toroidal velocity diagnostic as well as a novel diagnostic for radial electric fields (Er) have been added. The application of integrated data analysis in a probabilistic framework contributes substantially to the quality of Er and electron density profiles. The equilibrium recon...