The common gull (Larus canus) and the black-headed ridibundus) are waterbird species in Lithuania. Until now, composition of Sarcocystis these birds was unknown. current study aimed to identify spp. by morphological examination sarcocysts found muscle tissues DNA sequence analysis. Between 2011 2019, leg muscles 42 gulls 63 were tested for Based on methylene blue staining squashed samples, dete...

Large-scale systematic patterns of body size are a basic concern of evolutionary biology. Identifying body size variation along altitudinal gradients may help us to understand the evolution of life history of animals. In this study, we investigated altitudinal variation in body size, age and growth rate in Chinese endemic frog, Pelophylax pleuraden. Data sampled from five populations covering a...

The defensive skin secretions of many amphibians are a rich source of bradykinins and bradykinin-related peptides (BRPs). Members of this peptide group are also common components of reptile and arthropod venoms due to their multiple biological functions that include induction of pain, effects on many smooth muscle types, and lowering systemic blood pressure. While most BRPs are bradykinin recep...

immediate response of eukaryotic cells to oxidative. PARP-1 and PARP-2 display catalytic activity by contact with DNA-strand breaks and are involved in DNA base-excision repair and other repair pathways. Recent studies suggest a link between DNA damage-induced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and all tissues at varying levels, with the highest activity in mammalian testis, spleen and thymus. in particula...