A familial myopathy affecting a man, his three daughters, and one of his brothers is reported. The quadriceps muscle was predominantly involved, with aching pain as an early feature, and later prominent areas of hypertrophy projecting from patches of atrophy gave the quadriceps a most striking and unusual appearance. Presentation was in adult life, and the course was relatively benign, pelvic g...

Introduction The Polymyositis (PM) is an inflammatory myopathy with symmetrical proximal muscle weakness, especially in pelvic, shoulder girdle and cervical musculature. It may occur primary or secondary to other diseases. Diagnosis is made by exclusion of other etiologies, such as infections, endocrinopathies, metabolics diseases and Bohan and Peter criteria. Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of wor...

Therapsids covered the entire spectrum of terrestrial locomotion from sprawling to parasagittal. Switching between and more erect may have been possible in earlier taxa. First, axial skeleton shows little regionalization allows lateral undulation, evolving then increasingly towards enabling dorsoventral swinging. During locomotion, every step invokes a ground reaction force functional loadings ...