The stinger is a very small and efficient device that allows honeybees to perform two main physiological activities: repelling enemies and laying eggs for reproduction. In this study, we explored the specific characteristics of stinger penetration, where we focused on its movements and the effects of it microstructure. The stingers of Italian honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica) were grouped an...

Network penetration testing identifies the exploits and vulnerabilities those exist within computer network infrastruc‐ ture and help to confirm the security measures. The objective of this paper is to explain methodology and methos behind penetra‐ tion testing and illustrate remedies over it, which will provide substantial value for network security Penetration testing should model r...

Background: in this paper, a new physical penetration technology for transdermal administration with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characteristics Fu’s cupping therapy (FCT) was established and studied by in-vitro and in-vivo experiments; the penetration effect and mechanism of FCT physical penetration technology (FCT-PPT) was preliminarily discussed. Method: Indomethacin (IM) as a model d...

key factor in the successful application of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) in tunneling is the ability to develop accurate penetration rate estimates for determining project schedule and costs. Thus establishing a relationship between rock properties and TBM penetration rate can be very helpful in estimation of this vital parameter. However, this parameter cannot be simply predicted since there ...

In this study, slag penetration into a magnesia refractory monolithic was investigated by the crucible test method. A synthetic calcium aluminate slag system has been used to study commercial magnesia mix refractory for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours at 1450°C and 1600°C. It has been shown that the penetration rate is controlled by a diffusion mechanism at 1450°C. In this case, capillaries are the ...

Poor sperm motility is an important factor in male infertility. Preliminary results in our laboratory on a group of 19 men (10 suspected infertile men and 9 fertile donors) showed stimulation of sperm fertilizing ability after sperm washing with theophylline as demonstrated by zona free hamster egg penetration test. The egg penetration rate for the control spermatozoa samples from subfertile me...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sperm cryopreservation and the maturation state of the oocyte on the time course of canine gamete interaction during co-culture for periods of 1-10 h. Semen samples were obtained by digital stimulation and ejaculates processed as fresh, chilled and frozen samples. Sperm were co-cultured with immature or in vitro mature bitch oocytes for up to ...

Natural oils are commonly used in topical pharmaceutical formulations as emulsifiers, stabilizers or solubility enhancers. They are presented as safe and inert components, mainly used for formulation purposes. It is confirmed that natural oils can affect the skin penetration of various substances. Fatty acids are mainly responsible for this effect. Current understanding lacks reliable scientifi...

Shaped-charge penetration of explosives is studied analytically and experimentally. Two models are developed, each applicable to a different regime of jet velocity. The first addresses high-velocity penetration. If a jet is sufficiently fast, its penetration velocity will exceed the explosive's detonation velocity, and the process may achieve a steady state with the crater following the detonat...