For the years 2012–2018, we investigated occurrence of storage diseases caused by fungi on four cultivars apples grown in central part Poland. The fruits were picked orchards managed with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices and stored a cold room for 5–7 months. Depending season, apple cultivar localization orchard, incidence was different. On cvs “Gala”, “Ligol” “Golden Delicious”, bull...

This study assessed the effect of disease control agents, fungicides and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DOG), on a mycotoxin, patulin, production by strains of Penicillium expansum. Fungicides and DOG were added individually to agar on which the fungus was then grown. In an initial screen of six fungicides, three indicated that patulin was stimulated. These were tested further at a range of concentrations ...

AIMS In order to assess the potential for producing mycotoxins, fungi were isolated from wine producing grapes. METHODS AND RESULTS The isolates were identified and Penicillium expansum, the most well recognized mycotoxin producer, was analysed for mycotoxin production by TLC. Many of the strains produced patulin and/or citrinin, often depending on whether they were grown on a grape or yeast ...

Three new alkaloids (1, 4 and 8), together with nine known analogues (2, 3, 5-7, and 9-12), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium expansum Y32. Their structures including the absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic and Mosher's and Marfey's methods, along with quantum electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Each of the compounds was evaluated for ca...

A pretreatment of the yeast, Candida oleophila, with 5 mM H(2)O(2) for 30 min (sublethal) increased yeast tolerance to subsequent lethal levels of oxidative stress (50 mM H(2)O(2)), high temperature (40 °C), and low pH (pH 4). Compared with non-stress-adapted yeast cells, stress-adapted cells exhibited better control of apple fruit infections by Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea and had...

Bacteria and molds may spoil and/or contaminate apple juice either by direct microbial action or indirectly by the uptake of metabolites as off-flavours and toxins. Some of these microorganisms and/or metabolites may remain in the food even after extensive procedures. This study aim to identify the presence of molds (including heat resistant species) and Alicyclobacillus spp., during concentrat...