background: tannase can be obtained from the various sources for example tannin rich plants; however microbial sources are preferred for industrial production. in microbial sources, the aspergillus and penicillium genus and lactic acid bacteria mostly produce tannase. however, it has been identified that this enzyme is produced by many fungi and bacteria, but researches are continuing to find n...

New emerging strains of toxigenic molds in agricultural areas and insufficient data on levels their toxic metabolites occurring domestic horticultural fruits berries require risk assessment MT contamination for this plant group mass consumer products. This study concentrated samples fresh sold the market (185 samples, including 127 intact 58 with signs deformation molding). We applied our own d...

in this study, the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by penicillium chrysogenum, isolated from ahar copper mine, was investigated. the gold nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing the aqueous gold ions using the culture supernatant of the filamentous fungi. the uv–vis spectrum displayed a characteristic peak at 532 nm that is very specific for gold nanoparticles. the xrd spectrum confirmed ...

Mycotoxins are natural secondary fungal metabolites produced on agricultural commodities. Mould and mycotoxin contamination may occur before harvesting, between harvesting and drying, and during storage. FAO has estimated that approximately 25% of the world's crops are contaminated by molds and affected by mycotoxins, and the estimated loss extends to billions of dollars. Since fungi have a wid...

Natural toxins in food are of increasing concern for human health. Among the natural toxins, mycotoxins pose a significant health risk within the tropical developing countries food supply chain [1]. Mycotoxins are produced by fungi (molds), such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Alternaria, that are frequently present on agricultural products [2]. The contamination of foods and feeds by...

background: k+ channel toxins are essential tools for the first purifications, analysis of subunit structures and brain localization of voltage-gated k+ (kv) channels. the effects of a lot of toxins on kv are not fully known. methods: using whole-cell patch clamping technique the action of a series of toxins on kv3.4 current in rat liver cells with expressed kv3.4 channels (rle) cloned cells wa...