This paper investigates how inconsistency (as measured by the I2 statistic) among studies in a meta-analysis may differ, according to the type of outcome data and effect measure. We used hierarchical models to analyse data from 3873 binary, 5132 continuous and 880 mixed outcome meta-analyses within the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Predictive distributions for inconsistency expected ...

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of navigational inconsistencies in websites on users’ perceptions and performance. Of four inconsistencies manipulated (position of navigational bar, order of elements in navigational bar, font type and size of elements), only the position of the bar had a substantial effect. However this affected both users’ perception of their performance and t...

Chat language refers to the special human language widely used in the community of digital network chat. As chat language holds anomalous characteristics in forming words, phrases, and non-alphabetical characters, conventional natural language processing tools are ineffective to handle chat language text. Previous research shows that knowledge based methods perform less effectively in processin...