Position judgements, which are exquisitely precise in the fovea, are markedly degraded in the periphery. In a recent article [Hess & Field (1993) Vision Research, 33, 2663-2670] argue that the poor representation of positional information in peripheral vision is a consequence of uncalibrated spatial disorder of cortical connections rather than due to undersampling of the retinal image. Specific...

The masticatory system constitutes four closely interrelated components: Teeth, muscles, nerves, and temporomandibular joints (TMJ). The stable and physiologic rest position of the TMJ is based on the muscle guidance (mainly masticatory, and partially facial), neurally determined and controlled occlusion, integrated together with its peripheral proprioceptors and relax mechanism of the central ...

The occurrence of severe hypotension and bradycardia, following placing to the beach chair position from supine during general anesthesia for repair of tendon injury of the rotator cuff of shoulder in a healthy 50 year-old man was described. The Bezold-Jarisch reflex, which is known to inhibit cardiovascular reflex and composed of three kinds of symptoms such as vasodilation, bradycardia and hy...

People usually see things using frontal viewing, and avoid lateral viewing (or eccentric gaze) where the directions of the head and eyes are largely different. Lateral viewing interferes with attentive visual search performance, probably because the head is directed away from the target and/or because the head and eyes are misaligned. In this study, we examined which of these factors is the pri...

Extracellular recordings were made in the striate cortex in awake, behaving monkeys to test the influence of the eye position on cellular activity. Two monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to fixate a small spot at 25 different eye positions. About half (52%) of the studied neurones showed a selective gaze field (GF). The cells' activities increased significantly when the monkey fixated at thi...

Peripheral vision provides a less faithful representation of the visual input than foveal vision. Nonetheless, we can gain a lot of information about the world from our peripheral vision, for example in order to plan eye movements. The phenomenon of crowding shows that the reduction of information available in the periphery is not merely the result of reduced resolution. Crowding refers to visu...

In December 2019, a disease called Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS- COV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China. The was declared as pandemic WHO on May 11, 2020. gold standard to diagnose is Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Additionally, computed tomography (CT) also very useful certain cases. A 62...

Key points † Percutaneous nerve stimulation is a recently introduced technique to facilitate peripheral nerve block. † We evaluated the ability of this technique to localize nerves of the brachial plexus as verified by ultrasound imaging in 20 volunteers. † There was only a 10% concordance between the most superficial nerves identified by percutaneous stimulation and ultrasound imaging. Backgro...

the objective of this study was to describe the role of electrical stimulation in controlling peripheral vertigo. in a prospective study on 13 healthy volunteers, nystagmus was induced with caloric stimulation and the interval of nystagmus disappearance was recorded. this time indicates the basal response of vestibular end-organ. after caloric irrigation, pulsed signal was applied for each pers...

introduction: multiple sclerosis (ms) is generally known as a manageable but not yet curable autoimmune disease affecting central nervous system. a potential therapeutic approach should possess several properties: prevent immune system from damaging the brain and spinal cord, promote differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (opcs) into mature oligodendrocytes to produce myelin, preve...