We consider a broad class of intertemporal economic problems and characterize the short-run long-run responses demand for good to permanent increase in its market price. Depending on interplay between self-productivity time discounting, we show that dynamic substitution effects can generate price elasticities opposite signs short run long run. (JEL D11, D15, H20, J22, J24)

financial scientists have always been eager to distinguish between whether the price series could be random walk (unit root) or mean reverting processes.by a random walk we mean that accruing shocks to the system have permanent impacts and prices do not revert to their previous trend path, in addition, regarding to random walk processes the price series volatility could increase with out any li...

We model an informed agent with information about the future value of asset trying to maximize profits when agent’s trades are subjected a transaction cost as well market maker tasked setting fair prices. In single auction model, equilibrium is characterized by unique root particular polynomial. Analysis this polynomial small levels risk-aversion and costs reveal dimensionless parameter which c...

An important step in farm planning is the development of a gross margin budget. A gross margin is calculated from a crop's gross income less the variable costs incurred in growing and marketing that crop. The gross margin indicates the potential financial gain or loss of the crop being produced. Gross margins are usually expressed in units related to resources such as land, labour or irrigation...