Define shoulder instability and identify the most common causes of shoulder instability in athletes. Shoulder instability encompasses a wide spectrum, from complete dislocations that require manual reduction to microinstability in throwers. When we looked prospectively at West Point cadets, we found that 80% of instability events were subluxations (no manual reduction performed).1 We found that...

BACKGROUND It has been recognized that there is a distinction between shoulder laxity and shoulder instability and that there is a wide range of normal shoulder laxities. Our goals were (1) to evaluate if the ability to subluxate the shoulder over the glenoid rim in patients under anesthesia would be more prevalent than the inability to do so, (2) to determine if patients with a diagnosis of in...

Background: The Oxford Knee Score (OKS) is a short patient-reported outcome instrument that measures pain and physical activity related to knee osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, construct validity and consistent reliability of the Persian version of the OKS.Methods: The case series consisted of 80 patients who were clinically diagnosed with having knee osteoarthritis. Al...

BACKGROUND Prospective data collection occurred between 2000 and 2010 on 143 consecutive patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears, aiming to examine the end-result of a new technique of mini-open double row repair: the Capstan screw technique. METHODS All patients had a pre- and postoperative Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score and range of movem...

INTRODUCTION Nowadays, anyone with any level of Internet knowledge can act as producer and distributor of information. It differs from most traditional media of information transmission, lack of information control and lack of quality management to contents. This leads to quality of health information on the internet is doubtful. The object of this study is guidance patients to select valid men...