In this paper we consider the inclusion properties for upper and lower approximation of union and intersection of sets for both pessimistic and optimistic mult igranulations. We find that two inclusions for pessimistic cases are actually equalities. For other six cases we provide examples to show that actually the proper inclusions hold true. On the approximation of classifications a theorem wa...

This paper studies free-riding incentives on common environmental resources in an incomplete information repeated game where abatements are perishable and perfect substitutes. Two contrasting types of perfect Bayesian equilibria emerge: For high discount factors, or low discount factors but ‘‘pessimistic’’ prior beliefs, the inclusion of incomplete information has no impact on the pattern of ab...

The present study applies explanatory style theory and the content analysis of verbatim explanation (CAVE) technique toward examining the leadership behaviors and effectiveness of key Civil War generals. The results of our study suggest that relatively optimistic explanatory styles may lead to aggressiveness and risk taking while relatively pessimistic explanatory styles may lead to passivity a...

Y.-M. Wang, Y.-X. Lan / Mathematical and Computer Modelling 54 (2011) 2760–2771 2761 TheDEA-basedMPI has proven to be a very useful tool formeasuring the productivity changes of DMUs in the past several decades. For instance, Färe et al. [13] applied it to analyze the productivity growth in industrialized countries. Grifell-Tatjé and Lovell [14] used it tomeasure the effect of deregulation on S...

Highly optimistic explanatory style (HOES) and highly pessimistic explanatory style (HPES) are two maladaptive ways to explain the world and may have roots in attachment insecurity. The current study aims to explore the effects of security priming - activating supportive representations of attachment security - on ameliorating these maladaptive explanatory styles. 57 participants with HOES and ...

We have studied the relationship between optimism, pessimism and entrepreneurial attitudes among university undergraduate students (n = 206). We used the revised Life Orientation Test [1] as a measure of optimism and pessimism and we hypothesized that technological potential entrepreneurs are more optimistic and less pessimistic than non-potential entrepreneurs. Our results show a main effect o...

Our survival and wellness require a balance between optimism and pessimism. Undue pessimism makes life miserable; however, excessive optimism can lead to dangerously risky behaviors. A review and synthesis of the literature on the neurophysiology subserving these two worldviews suggests that optimism and pessimism are differentially associated with the two cerebral hemispheres. High self-esteem...

in spite of sonic pessimistic attitudes towards methodology of economics, it has succeeded as a central theme in numerous books, refereed journals, international conferences and symposiums whose volume is increasing at an unprecedented rate. the proliferation of methodological literature also is accompanied by a proliferation of issues that concern: the goals of economics, realism of economics,...

We present a code transformation for concurrent data structures, which increases their scalability without sacrificing correctness. Our transformation takes lock-based code and replaces some of the locking steps therein with optimistic synchronization in order to reduce contention. The main idea is to have each operation perform an optimistic traversal of the data structure as long as no shared...