An obvious need for an updated and comprehensive study prompted this investigation of the complex of environmental costs resulting from the nation’s dependence on pesticides. Included in this assessment of an estimated $10 billion in environmental and societal damages are analyses of: pesticide impacts on public health; livestock and livestock product losses; increased control expenses resultin...

Cyanobacteria are present abundantly in rice fields and are important in helping to maintain rice field fertility through nitrogen fixation. Application of agricultural pesticides for improving crop productivity has become necessary in the present day agricultural practices. This has resulted in either stimulatory or inhibitory effects on the soil microflora including nitrogen-fixing cyanobacte...

Pesticides are a group of chemicals made for the purpose of killing or otherwise deterring “pest” species. The word pesticide may refer to insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, or other pest control formulations. Pesticides are inherently toxic and often associated with adverse health effects in non-target organisms.1 Organochlorine pesticides are a large class of multipurpose chlorinated hydro...

Carla Falugi, Zoltan Rakonczay2, Hagen Thielecke3, Chiara Guida1, and Maria Grazia Aluigi 1Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC); Dipartimento di Biologia Università di Genova; 2University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology; 3Fraunhofer-Institute for Biomed. Engineering, Department of Bio hybrid Systems, St. Ingbert. 1Italy; 2Hungary; 3Germany

Pesticides are used worldwide within agriculture to protect crops and ensure the quantity and quality of the harvest. However, intensive and inappropriate pesticides application can directly or indirectly affect different parts of the environment, especially water source. Besides the occurrence of pesticides in drinking water, control of pesticide presence in surface and groundwater is also ver...

The pesticides industry needs to look differently from the existing basis that toxic materials are required in order to eliminate pests and weeds from food crops. New generation of pesticides will be motivated by a knowledge of metabolic pathways. The article reviews the effectiveness of several classes of natural pest control agents such as: pheromones, allelopathic chemicals, toxicants from t...

a gas chromatography mass spectrometry with spike calibration curve method was used to quantify three carbamate pesticides residue in cooked white rice and to estimate the reduction percentage of the cooking process duration. the selected pesticides are three carbamate pesticides including carbaryl and pirimicarb that their mrl is issued by “the institute of standards of iran” and propoxur whic...

To obtain a high yield of food grains, many types of pesticides have been developed, which in turn has facilitated the prosperity of the human race and brought relief to farmers. After WWII, organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides were extensively used worldwide. These early organophosphorus pesticides occasionally caused poisoning, while some organochlorine pesticides persisted in the e...

Pesticides can elevate trematode infections in amphibians. However, direct adverse effects of pesticides on embryos and free-living stages of trematodes have not been thoroughly explored, despite the potential for these effects to reduce amphibian trematode infections. We measured the effects of atrazine, glyphosate, carbaryl, and malathion on embryo and miracidium (free-living stage) survival ...

organochlorine pesticides are as environmental pollutants which have a high half-life and transmit from food chain to human and cause side effects such as mutations in different genes and finally cancer. in this research, after sampling and quantitative and qualitative of organochlorine residue, biodegradation of alpha, beta and gamma hexachlorobenzene (linden), ddt, aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfa...