Abstract Hydrocarbon exploration has long been based on such costly and time-intensive methods as geophysical surveys, geological studies, drilling. In recent years, however, researchers have started to consider inexpensive alternatives surface geochemistry for hydrocarbon exploration. Some 100 years ago, the leakage of hydrocarbons onto in form micro- macro-seepages motivated toward drilling a...

Three-dimensional (3-D) seismic exploration is a geophysical technique that has undergone rapid growth and development in the petroleum industry. It is a mature technology that has the potential to provide accurate volumetric images of the subsurface for interpreting the structural and stratigraphic framework of ore deposits. Under favourable circumstances, 3-D seismic methods can also provide ...

With the introduction of nanotechnology, energy industries envisage a potential revolutionary change in the field of exploration, development and production. Research by universities into such areas as nanosensors, nanomarkers and nanobots to provide valuable data regarding the reservoir are of great focus due to their large potential return on investment, but have yet to yield substantive prod...