INTRODUCTION Dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations are so far being used for pulmonary drug delivery, mainly for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Currently most of DPI formulations rely on lactose as a carrier in the drug powder blend. However, due to reducing sugar function of lactose which makes it incompatible with some drugs such as budesonide, it is...

We analyze the impact of capacity constraints on IPO underpricing in the US property and liability (P&L) insurance industry. Our results show that insurer IPOs experience much less underpricing when insurers go public during capacity-constrained periods. Monte Carlo simulation shows that IPOs in other industries do not exhibit similar traits, suggesting our findings are specific to the P&L insu...

OBJECTIVES To explain the purpose of superbills, suggest strategies for incorporating superbills into pharmacy practice, and propose a model superbill for consideration by practitioners. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION Ambulatory pharmacies in the United States. PRACTICE INNOVATION Superbills have been used by physicians and other health care providers for many years as a way of efficiently communicat...

The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 60% of the world's new annual cancer cases occur in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America, and that 70% of cancer deaths occur in these regions. Although oral chemotherapy is a promising intervention for cancer treatment, given its high cost, it is usually unavailable in middle-income countries. In 2013, after strong lobbying from...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of two medical insurers' policies on the hospitalization of people with schizophrenia and the economic burden they faced during a period of rapid health services reform in China. METHODOLOGY A comparative analysis was made of Urban Employee-Basic Medical Insurance (UE-BMI) and Urban Residents-Basic Medical Insurance (UR-BMI) policies on the medical management ...

in this work, the optimization calculations were carried out on quetiapine hemifumarat, 4, and its analogues, 1-5. these calculations were carried out using the b3lyp/6-31g(d) level of theory. the dft calculations clarified a boat structure for dibenzothiazepine moiety of the molecule which piperazine moiety has a chair conformation. thermal energies (e), enthalpies (h), and free energies (g) o...

this commentary explores the implications of increased social media marketing by drug manufacturers, based on findings in hyosun kim’s article of the major themes in recent food and drug administration (fda) warning letters and notices of violation regarding online direct-to-consumer promotions of pharmaceuticals. kim’s rigorous analysis of fda letters over a 10-year span highlights a relative ...

this paper discussed the application of information and communication technology (ict) in pharmaceutical product marketing in nigeria. data for the study was obtained from 76 pharmaceutical firms in southwest nigeria which comprised of about 95% of the pharmaceutical companies that were into manufacturing of drugs in nigeria. the categories of firms surveyed include retail pharmacy, combination...

background: acute poisoning is a major public health problem in bangladesh. it is a common method for suicide. a clear picture regarding clinical presentation, most commonly used toxic agents, background factors and outcome of poisoned patients is necessary in every region. the aim of this study was to investigate frequency and outcome of acute pharmaceutical and chemical poisoning cases in nor...

a simple, sensitive and accurate method for spectrophotometric determination of dalacinphosphatehas been established. the method is based on the reduction of atomic absorptioncalcium ion by phosphate. because, there is a phosphate mole in every dalacin mole structureand with measurement of phosphate, dalacin is beyond measurement too. therefore, the reactionbetween acidic hydrolysis products of...