Physicians' decisions whether or not to veto generic substitution were analyzed using a sample of 350,000 pharmaceutical prescriptions from the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. Although generic substitution reforms have been introduced in many European countries and American states, this is to my knowledge the first study on this topic. The topic is important since physicians' decisions regardin...

A lthough guidelines suggest physicians should not treat themselves, the self-prescription of medications is common. Self-prescription among physicians in training is of particular concern, given their limited clinical experience and high levels of work stress. In the only large multicenter study conducted to date, to our knowledge,Christie et al found that self-prescribing iswidespread, with 5...

This White Paper is focused on the technical aspects regarding quantifying pharmaceutically derived inorganic elements in biomatrices in support of GLP nonclinical and clinical studies using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques. For decades ICP has been used in support of Environmental Protection Agency analyses and has more recently been applied for use in the pharmaceutical industry. C...

A Simple high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for separation and quantitative analysis of losartan potassium, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations has been established and validated. After extraction with methanol, sample and standard solutions were applied to silica gel plates and developed with chloroform : methanol : acetone : fo...

Application of a sensitive and rapid flow injection analysis (FIA) method for determination of topiramate, piracetam, and levetiracetam in pharmaceutical formulations has been investigated. The method is based on the reaction with ortho-phtalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol in a basic buffer and measurement of absorbance at 295 nm under flow conditions. Variables affecting the determination such ...

UV, first, second and third derivative spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of ezetimibe in pharmaceutical formulation. The solutions of standard and sample were prepared in methanol. For the first method, UV spectrophotometry, the quantitative determination of the drug was carried at 233 nm and the linearity range was found to be 6-16 mug/ml. For the first, seco...

A RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of azithromycin in pharmaceutical suspension dosage forms. The chromatography was carried out on a Phenomenex C 18 (150 x 4.6 mm i.d., 5μ) column with Acetonitrile: 0.5 % Formic acid as mobile phase (Isocratic A: B = 40: 60 % v/v), at 215 nm detector wave length with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Clarithromycin was used as a...

A flow system exploiting multicommutation and multidetection is proposed for sequential determinations in pharmaceutical preparations. The feasibilities were demonstrated by the determination of zinc, iron, copper, calcium and magnesium without changing the flow set-up. The gravitational flow of the solutions was exploited for addition of different chromogenic reagents and sample aliquots, thus...

Simple, fast and reliable derivative spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of olanzapine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in methanol. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the first derivative values measured at 222 nm and the second derivative values measured at 230 nm (n=6). Calibr...

Methods This study was designed to assess and review current practice and policy in the Malaysia pharmaceutical procurement procedures of non-formulary medicines. This was a quantitative study and was conducted in a cross-sectional study design. A purposive sampling method was applied in the study sample selection. The targeted samples to be involved in the selection were the public healthcare ...