In this study we document the sensitivity of the leech pharynx to acetylcholine and begin to characterize the acetylcholine receptor mediating this response by examining the effects of selective cholinergic agonists and antagonists on the contractile behavior of the pharynx. The order of potency derived from the EC50 of each agonist was (+/-)epibatidine > acetylcholine (in the presence of physo...

OBJECTIVE To describe trends in mortality rates for patients with oral cavity and pharynx cancer by educational attainment, race/ethnicity, sex, and association with human papillomavirus infection. DESIGN Study of age-standardized mortality rates for patients with oral cavity and pharynx cancer by level of education using National Center for Health Statistics data. SETTING Twenty-six states...

Eats collected frorrtoixograri:~ indicate that a lowered larynx typical of profe ssional male singing increases Ere laryr-zeal ventricle, the sixis p i r i fo rxes and the cross-sect ional a r e a L: the lox-rer pharynx. The effects of such changes on the forrzant frequencies a r e studied by means of neasurec:eilts on an acoustical tube-model of the vocal t rac t . The resu l t s indicate that...

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis may quantify the severity of anatomical airway restriction in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) better than anatomical measurements alone. However, optimal CFD model endpoints to characterize or assess OSAS have not been determined. To model upper airway fluid dynamics using CFD and investigate the strength of correlation between various CFD end...

There are significant structural differences between the mouth and pharyngeal cavity of birds and mammals. It is usual to refer to a common oropharyngeal cavity of birds because the soft palate, which forms such an obvious delineation between the mouth and pharyngeal cavity, is absent. Six male adult ostriches were used to study the oropharyngeal cavity and its components including the beak, ha...

Histological development of digestive tract of the Caspian salmon, Salmo trutta caspius, from hatching to 6 month post-hatching was studied using light microscope. The digestive tract of newly hatched larvae was a simple, undifferentiated tube which continued from mouth to anus. In 10 days post hatching larvae, the alimentary canal became more differentiated and secretion was started activity, ...

Objective: Foreign body swallowing is a common pediatric problem. A foreign body in the pharynx is a medical emergency that requires urgent intervention. Evaluation and treatment of pharyngeal foreign bodies is much more difficult in children than in adults and sometimes requires hospitalization and removal of the foreign bodies under general anesthesia due to children’s lack of cooperation. Fi...