Background: Clinical research is a specific phase of the production process in the pharmaceutical industry in which companies test candidate drugs on patients in order to collect clinical evidence about safety and effectiveness.Objective: This paper is an operational research which aimed to support the hypothesis that pharmaceutical clinical research is l...

Abstract The adiabatic theorem shows that the instantaneous eigenstate is a good approximation of the exact solution for a quantum system in adiabatic evolution. One may therefore expect that the geometric phase calculated by using the eigenstate should be also a good approximation of exact geometric phase. However, we find that the former phase may differ appreciably from the latter if the evo...

We study the fully nonlinear time evolution of a holographic system possessing a first order phase transition. The initial state is chosen in the spinodal region of the phase diagram, and it includes an inhomogeneous perturbation in one of the field theory directions. The final state of the time evolution shows a clear phase separation in the form of domain formation. The results indicate the e...

In a nondegenerate system, the abelian Berry’s phase will never cause transitions among the Hamiltonian’s eigenstate. However, in a degenerate system, it is well known that the state transition can be caused by the non-abelian Berry phase. Actually, in a such a system, the phase factor is not always nonabelian. Even in the case that the phase is a nondiagonal matrix, it still can be an abelian ...

In a nondegenerate system, the abelian Berry’s phase will never cause transitions among the Hamiltonian’s eigenstate. However, in a degenerate system, it is well known that the state transition can be caused by the non-abelian Berry phase. Actually, in a such a system, the phase factor is not always nonabelian. Even in the case that the phase is a nondiagonal matrix, it still can be an abelian ...

We provide a physical prescription based on interferometry for introducing the total phase of a mixed state undergoing unitary evolution, which has been an elusive concept in the past. We define the parallel transport condition that provides a connection form for obtaining the geometric phase for mixed states. The expression for the geometric phase for mixed state reduces to well known formulas...

Coherence evolution of two food web models can be obtained under the stirring effect of chaotic advection. Each food web model sustains a three-level trophic system composed of interacting predators, consumers, and vegetation. These populations compete for a common limiting resource in open flows with chaotic advection dynamics. Here we show that two species (the top predators) of different col...

Garrison and Wright showed that upon undergoing cyclic quantum evolution a meta-stable state acquires both a geometric phase and a geometric decay probability. This is described by a complex geometric “phase” associated with the cyclic evolution of two states and is closely related to the two state formalism developed by Aharonov et al.. Applications of the complex geometric phase to the Born–O...

We investigate the phase diagram and the baryon mass (MB) in the color SU(Nc = 3) strong coupling lattice QCD with one species of staggered fermions at finite quark chemical potential (μ) and/or finite temperature (T ). In particular, their evolution with the finite coupling (1/g2) is studied in the next to leading order of the strong coupling expansion. We formulate the treatment of the tempor...