Abstract Background Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) attack a wide range of insects. They are considered environmental friendly alternatives to synthetic insecticides for pest control. In the present study, virulence native isolate EPF, Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) was evaluated against least mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), throug...

Integrated Multi Trophic Level (IMTA) is identified as the integrating culture of multi-species in one area. The effectiveness space and feed main aspect from this point. disease health shrimp management on production including immune boosters plays a critical aspect. aim research to determine analyze Litopenaeus vannamei system different systems, namely polyculture monoculture. Alginate was ap...

?-glucan is considered as an effective immunostimulant because of its binding capacity to different receptors on leukocytes leading the stimulation immune responses including bactericidal activity, cytokine productivity, and survival fit ability at cellular levels. In response cell surface receptors, stimulates release cytokines chemokines. It has been found that these signaling proteins eventu...

Three different experiments were conducted to study the effect of dietary astaxanthin on the immune response, resistance to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and transcription of antioxidant enzyme genes in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Each experiment included one triplicate treatment group (fed with 80 mg/kg astaxanthin supplemented diet) and one triplicate control group (fed with...