Piceid (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene-3-β-D: -glucoside) is a stilbene which occurs naturally in various families of plants and has been shown to protect lipoproteins from oxidative damage and to have cancer chemopreventive activity. This paper deals with the determination of piceid in cocoa-containing products by using photo-induced fluorescence and the aid of a multicommutated continuous-flow ass...

Computational cost of metaheuristic based optimum design algorithms grows excessively with structure size. This results in computational inefficiency of modern metaheuristic algorithms in tackling optimum design problems of large scale structural systems. This paper attempts to provide a computationally efficient optimization tool for optimum design of large scale steel frame structures to AISC...

A scale-up design procedure, based on a new physical mass transfer (PMT) model, whichdescribes the performance, for aerobic rotating biological contactors (RBC’s) is developed. This scale-up procedure can be used to determine the disc surface area needed to prevent an oxygen limitation or to obtain a specific degree of treatment. In contrast to the empirical, and most previous RBC performance m...

Photocatalytic reactor models incorporating radiation transport parameters and intrinsic kinetic of photocatalytic decomposition single-compound mixtures oxalic (OA) formic acid (FA), in both slurry suspensions immobilized thin films, were validated two well-mixed annular photoreactors geometries irradiated with either UVA or UVC radiation. The six-flux absorption scattering model (SFM) predict...

The novel complex photocatalytic material was prepared by coating TiO₂ nanoparticles on tourmaline using the sol-gel method, and used in the degradation of the herbicide 2,4-D. The results indicated that coating TiO₂ with tourmaline enhanced the photocatalytic activity significantly. Based on the research of a simplified model for the average light intensity in the photoreactor, the influence o...

An inexpensive photoreactor using LED light sources and a fibre-optic CCD spectrophotometer as a detector was built by designing a special cell holder for standard 1.000 cm cuvettes. The use of this device was demonstrated by studying the aqueous photochemical reaction of 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone. The developed method combines the highly quantitative data collection of CCD spectrophotomete...

Land changes are the result of a complex web of interaction between human and biophysical factors, which act over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. In this paper we conceptualize spatial relations among geographic objects at different scales. We analyze two types of spatial relations: hierarchical, which handles the interaction of nested objects at different scales (countries, states...