background: avian infectious bronchitis (ib), with avianinfectious bronchitis virus (ibv) as the causing agent, is a ubiquitous endemicdisease of the chicken with devastating effects on its industry. a viralmembrane surface protein called s  notonly induces neutralizing antibodies but also plays an important role in virusbinding and entry to host cells. technically, s1 protein gene sequencing a...

the aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance genes, phylogenetic groups and anti-microbial resistance patterns of escherichia coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy pet cats in kerman city. ninety e. coli isolates were recovered from obtained rectal swabs. antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates against seven selected antibiotic was determined using disc diffusion met...

background: crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) belongs to genus nairovirus and family bunyaviridae. the main aim of this study was to investigate the extent of recombination in s-segment genome of cchfv in iran. methods: samples were isolated from iranian patients and those available in genbank, and analyzed by phyloge­netic and bootscan methods. results: through comparison of the ph...

traditionally, capoeta populations from the southern caspian sea basin have been considered as capoeta capoeta gracilis. study on the phylogenetic relationship of capoeta species using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences show that capoeta population from the southern caspian sea basin is distinct species and receive well support (posterior probability of 100%). based on the tree topologie...

The gene composition of present-day genomes has been shaped by a complicated evolutionary history, resulting in diverse distributions of genes across genomes. The pattern of presence and absence of a gene in different genomes is called its phylogenetic profile. It has been shown that proteins whose encoding genes have highly similar profiles tend to be functionally related: As these genes were ...

Phylogenetic networks are a generalisation of phylogenetic trees that allow for more complex evolutionary histories that include hybridisation-like processes. It is of considerable interest whether a network can be considered ‘tree-like’ or not, which lead to the introduction of tree-based networks in the rooted, binary context. Tree-based networks are those networks which can be constructed by...

An important problem in phylogenetics is the construction of phylogenetic trees. One way to approach this problem, known as the supertree method, involves inferring a phylogenetic tree with leaves consisting of a set $X$ of species from a collection of trees, each having leaf-set some subset of $X$. In the 1980's characterizations, certain inference rules were given for when a collection of 4-l...

Abstract This paper employs phylogenetic modeling to reconstruct the alignment system of Indo-European. We use a data set categorical morphosyntactic features, which take states such as ‘nominative-accusative’, ‘active-stative’, or ‘ergative’. analyze these characters with standard Bayesian comparative method, inferring transition rates between character on basis representation languages in dat...