Early blight (EB) is a destructive disease affecting potato and tomato plants in Russia, caused by heterogeneous group of plant pathogenic Alternaria fungi. The current species delimitation sect. Porri with medium to large conidia long (filamentous) beak based on molecular data. In this study, the ITS, GAPDH, RPB2, TEF1, Alt 1 gene regions were analyzed 41 large-spored isolates obtained from di...

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease that affects many species of birds and causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide and the pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains varies with different virulence. Samples were collected from chicken commercial farms in Iran during 2014–2015. ND virus were characterized (NDV) by partial sequences...

background: a new pandemic influenza a (h1n1) emerged in april 2009, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. since mutations in the haemagglutinin (ha) may influence the antigenicity and pathogenicity of the virus, continued epidemiological and molecular characterization for the effective control of pandemic flu and developing of more appropriate vaccine is crucial. objective: to monitor ...

background and objectives: lactic acid bacteria (lab) play important roles in processing of sayur asin (spontaneously fermented mustard). unfortunately, information about lab in indonesian sayur asin, prepared by traditional manufactures which is important as baseline data for maintenance of food quality and safety, is unclear. the aim of this study was to describe the diversity and distributio...

The taxonomic and phylogenetic status of several taxa previously recognized as subspecies inAstragalus sect. Anthylloidei is re-assessed based on DNA sequences and morphologicalfeatures. We focused on Astragalus ebenoides (subsp. ebenoides and subsp. naghadehensis),Astragalus murinus (subsp. murins and subsp. bornmuelleri), Astragalus remotiflorus (subsp.remotiflorus and subsp. melanogramma), A...