Ion pairs (also known as salt bridges) of electrostatically interacting cationic and anionic moieties are important for proteins and nucleic acids to perform their function. Although numerous three-dimensional structures show ion pairs at functionally important sites of biological macromolecules and their complexes, the physicochemical properties of the ion pairs are not well understood. Crysta...

Abstract Rivers are dynamic systems that respond to various physicochemical characteristics. In this review, we focused on the most important parameters influenced zooplankton composition and diversity in rivers, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, salinity, total solids, suspended turbidity, hardness, ca...

The assessment of groundwater quality was carried out by taking the shallow wells samples near bank River Indus at downstream Kotri barrage; study area covers arid region Hyderabad, Sindh. space occupied about 1-2 km used for quantification geochemical characteristics aquifer that lies on left side river. A total 13 were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. All examined charac...