This study aimed to analyze the cold stress effects (in terms of hematology, energy reserves, and oxidative stress) in Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacú) their mitigation by a Pyropia columbina red seaweed-supplemented diet. For this purpose, juvenile fish were fed with control (CD) or diet (RD) for 60 days, then, animals exposed low temperature (14 °C) (24 24 h. The shock generated an increase hem...

Pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ) is one of the most important fish farmed species in Brazil due to its hardy, fast growing, omnivorous feeding behavior, and good consumers acceptance. However, studies on effect different slaughtering procedures quality frozen pacu fillets have not been carried out. Therefore, this study aimed evaluate electrical stunning, CO 2 narcosis, or water/ice immersion (...

Abstract Freshwater fossil fish faunas have long been used to infer past drainage connections, given that they are bounded by physical freshwater barriers. Here we study a middle Miocene (15.0–15.5 Ma) fauna (Makaraipao) from the Castilletes Formation in northern Colombia, nowadays west of Andes. We record presence lungfishes ( Lepidosiren ), pacus Mylossoma and Piaractus armoured catfishes (Ca...