OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to compare the effects of 2 doses of pioglitazone hydrochloride (a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer) with placebo on glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had suboptimal glycemic control and mild dyslipidemia. METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA(1c) >/=6.5% a...

OBJECTIVE To determine mechanisms by which pioglitazone and metformin effect hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin action. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-one subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to pioglitazone (45 mg) or metformin (2,000 mg) for 4 months. RESULTS Glucose was clamped before and after therapy at approximately 5 mmol/l, insulin raised to approximately 180 pmol...

OBJECTIVE To observe effects of the drug pioglitazone on expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia, and explore the role of pioglitazone in angiogenesis after ischemia and its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The diabetic rat model was established by high-fat and high-sugar diet and intrape...

BACKGROUND HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) is characterized by insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism and redistribution of body fat. To date, there has been no quantitative summary of the effects of insulin sensitizing-agents for the treatment of this challenging problem. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, clinical trial registries, conference proceedings ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is one of the pathologic phenomena associated with diabetes and related conditions including obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia. In the present study, the protective effects of pioglitazone on cardiomyocyte apoptosis was evaluated in experimental diabetes induced by low dose of streptozoticin (STZ) combined with high fat diet (HFD) in...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of insulin sensitizing agents on hormonal and metabolic parameters as well as menstrual patterns in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS One hundred and twenty-three patients with PCOS were included. Metformin was administered to patients at 1,500 mg or 1,700 mg daily for 3 months. If the patients had no improvement...

The effect of pioglitazone on splanchnic glucose uptake (SGU), endogenous glucose production (EGP), and hepatic fat content was studied in 14 type 2 diabetic patients (age 50 +/- 2 years, BMI 29.4 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2), HbA(1c) 7.8 +/- 0.4%). Hepatic fat content (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and SGU (oral glucose load- insulin clamp technique) were quantitated before and after pioglitazone (45 mg...

BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and advanced kidney disease are usually treated with insulin. However, the prolonged pharmacokinetic insulin profile in patients with delayed renal insulin elimination impairs a successful therapy. Due to its hepatic metabolism, pioglitazone is a potential candidate for additional administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effe...

In India, the number of people with diabetes is increasing day-by-day. Due to a sole “Asian Indian Phenotype,” Indians develop an era earlier and have onset complications. Hence, it essential evaluate stage disease progression. Prediabetes, typically defined as blood glucose levels above normal but below thresholds diagnosis diabetes, risk state that defines high chance developing diabetes. The...

1. Srinivasan et al., (2005) developed a new rat model that replicates the natural history and metabolic characteristics of human type 2 diabetes and is also suitable for pharmacological screening. They used the high-fat diet and streptozotocin as diabetic inducers. They also studied the effect of two different combinations such as normal pellet diet + STZ and high fat diet + STZ and found that...