The pituitary gland is the master which regulates body hormones. From corticotrophs of anterior gland, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secreted and influences corticosterone production in rodents via hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis). ACTH are frequently used as a hormonal marker stress level. Disturbance were observed many diseases especially Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndr...

Abstract Background Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome is a rare congenital pituitary anatomical defect manifested with wide and various clinical presentations. Short stature delayed puberty are present in most cases may be combined extra malformations. Magnetic resonance imaging considered the key factor for reaching definite diagnosis as it reveals different radiological presentations of t...

The pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy has not been clearly elucidated and involvement of autoimmune damage has been proposed. We report a 23-year-old man who was emergently hospitalized for paroxysmal syncope and involuntary tremor with normal physical examination except for low heart rate. The patient was characterized by neurological symptoms, mild hypothyroidism, enlarged pituitary ...

A 40-year-old man developed headache and a left oculomotor nerve palsy. MRI revealed diffuse enlargement of the pituitary gland and thickening of the pituitary stalk with strong gadolinium enhancement (figure). CSF examination showed a lymphocytic pleocytosis; there were laboratory findings of panhypopituitarism, but no related symptoms. We administered IV methylprednisolone. The headache and o...

Autoimmune hypophysitis (AH) is commonly believed to be a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the pituitary gland. In clinical practice, however, the disease is often seen indeed. It typically presents with hypopituitarism and pituitary mass found by MRI. We report here unusual presentations of two females with AH followed by empty sella syndrome. The two females, aged at 64 and 57-years-old...

Operation by the trans-sphenoidal route allows removal of small pituitary adenomata with conservation of normal gland. Histological examination of tissue obtained at operation and necropsy in 73 cases showed that surgical methods at present in use are likely to leave tumour behind in the pituitary gland and in the dura mater of the pituitary fossa. The clinical significance of these findings wi...

Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid peptide with cytoprotective action in several cell types such as neurons and testicular germ cells. Rattin (HNr), a homologous peptide of HN expressed in several adult rat tissues, also has antiapoptotic action. In the present work, we demonstrated by immunocytochemical analysis and flow cytometry the expression of HNr in the anterior pituitary of female and male...

Lymphocytic hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory disorder which is caused by autoimmune destruction of the pituitary gland. Almost all reported cases have been in women and the disease is often associated with pregnancy. We describe here the first male case of lymphocytic hypophysitis in Korea. The patient presented with headache, impotence, decreased libido, and deteriorated vision. Endocrinolo...