objectives to compare an out-of-plane interscalene catheter technique to the in-plane technique in a randomized clinical trial. patients and methods eighty-four patients undergoing open shoulder surgery were randomized to either the in-plane or out-of-plane ultrasound-guided continuous interscalene technique. the primary outcome was vas pain rating at 24 hours. secondary outcomes included pain ...

Based on the study of limited array diffraction beams, a High Frame Rate (HFR) imaging method which uses a broadband pulsed plane wave, or array beams transmission field from a linear transducer array to illuminate the area to be imaged has been developed by Jian-yu LU. Echoes from the objects are received with the same transducer as is used in transmission. For each array beam parameter in a c...

Electrostatic actuation is a promising approach to compensate for misalignment of bonded, multi-layered microsystem devices. The present work discusses the performance of electrostatic actuators used for in-plane misalignment compensation in an atom chip comprising an optical cavity. Experimental investigation revealed that the central frame suspending the mirrors can be moved between 3-5 m in ...

The incident energy at which the azimuthal distributions in semi-central heavy ion collisions change from in-plane to out-of-plane enhancement – Etran is studied as a function of mass of emitted particles, their transverse momentum and centrality for Au+Au collisions. The analysis is performed in a reference frame rotated with the sidewards flow angle (Θflow) relative to the beam axis. A system...

Recently it was shown that the exact cosmological solutions known as the vacuum plane-wave solutions are late-time attractors for an open set of the spatially homogeneous Bianchi universes containing a non-inflationary γ-law perfect fluid. In this paper we study inhomogeneous perturbations of these plane-wave spacetimes. By using expansion-normalised scale-invariant variables we show that these...

We use an optical centrifuge to align asymmetric top SO_{2} molecules by adiabatically spinning their most polarizable O-O axis. The effective centrifugal potential in the rotating frame confines the sulfur atoms to the plane of the laser-induced rotation, leading to the planar molecular alignment that persists after the molecules are released from the centrifuge. The periodic appearance of the...

Circular fixation according to the Ilizarov method is a well-recognised modality of treatment for trauma and deformity. One shortcoming of the traditional fixator is its limited ability to correct more than one plane of deformity simultaneously, leading to lengthy frame-time indices. Hexapod circular fixation utilising computer guidance is commonplace for complex multidimensional deformity but ...

The shape of objects seen in images depends on the viewpoint. This effect confounds recognition. We demonstrate a theoretical framework within which it is possible to construct descriptors for both curves and surfaces, which do not vary with viewpoint. These descriptors are known as invariants. We use this framework to construct invariant shape descriptors for plane curves. These invariant shap...

We analyze a gathering process for a group of mobile robotic agents, identical and indistinguishable, with no memory (oblivious) and no common frame of reference (neither absolute location nor a common orientation). The agents are assumed to have bearing only sensing within a limited visibility range. We prove that such robots can gather to a small disk in the R-plane within a finite expected n...

Digital holographic optical coherence imaging is a full-frame coherence-gated imaging approach that uses a CCD camera to record and reconstruct digital holograms from living tissue. Recording digital holograms at the optical Fourier plane has advantages for diffuse targets compared with Fresnel off-axis digital holography. A digital hologram captured at the Fourier plane requires only a 2D fast...