The identi®cation of the type of accident during the early stages of an accident in a nuclear power plant is crucial for the selection of the appropriate response actions. A plant accident can be identi®ed by its time-dependent patterns, related to the principal variables. The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) can be applied to accident identi®cation, which is a spatial and temporal pattern-recognition...

This article presents an analysis of plant species richness and diversity, concerning some climatic variables along a 1500-m elevation gradient on the Binalood Mountain in Heydari Wildlife Refuge (HWR), northeastern Iran.  Two hundred and thirteen nested-sampling quadrats were established and the abundance of the plants was recorded. Vegetation sampling was carried out from 2014 till 2016, foll...

Mimicking female insects to attract male pollinators is an important strategy in sexually deceptive orchids of the genus Ophrys, and some species possess flowers with conspicuous labellum patterns. The function of the variation of the patterns remains unresolved, with suggestions that these enhance pollinator communication. We investigated the possible function of the labellum pattern in Ophrys...

In nature, plants and their pollinating and/or seed-dispersing animals form complex interaction networks. The commonly observed pattern of links between specialists and generalists in these networks has been predicted to promote species coexistence. Plants also build highly species-rich mutualistic networks below ground with root-associated fungi, and the structure of these plant-fungus network...

Inbred lines from different varieties of cultivated plants characterized by a white yellow irregular pattern on the leaves obtained after selection in the inbred generation (S3) of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) were the object of the present studies. The feature of a white yellow irregular pattern in all lines was monomeric and recessive. This trait in L158b, wch, and zp was determined by the ...

Consideration of the scale at which communities are defined both taxonomically and spatially can reconcile apparently contradictory results on the extent to which plants show phylogenetic niche conservatism. In plant communities in north central Florida, we collected species abundances in 55 0.1-ha plots in several state parks. When communities were defined narrowly to include a single phylogen...

For many years, research on a suite of plant defense responses that begin when plants are exposed to general microbial elicitors was underappreciated, for a good reason: There has been no critical experimental demonstration of their importance in mediating plant resistance during pathogen infection. Today, these microbial elicitors are named pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (P...