background: the alteration of th1 and th2 cytokine levels is the subject of controversy in pleural effusions caused by malignancy, a situation that favors a th2 immune response. objective: to examine the different levels of il-4 and il-10 (th2 cytokines), and il-2 and interferon-γ (ifn-γ) (th1 cytokines) in malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. method: the cytokine levels in pleural fl...

epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (ehe) is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin which arises preferentially in soft tissue and bone, and rarely in the liver. its vascular nature is confirmed by positive staining for factor viii-related antigen and other endothelial cell markers (cd31, cd34) in addition to the pathologic characteristics of well-developed basal lamina, pinocytotic vesicles, and, mor...

Primary angiosarcoma of the pleura is an extremely rare malignancy. Herein, we report the case of an elderly Chinese patient with primary left pleural epithelioid angiosarcoma. The 76-year-old man presented with a 4-month history of a cough with sputum expectoration and weight loss of 4 kg within one month. A chest scan showed a massive oval-shaped mass in the left pleural cavity. We then perfo...

Tufted hemangiomas are relatively rare benign vascular proliferations that are congenital or appear during the first years of life. Herein we present an additional case of tufted hemangioma that appeared one year after birth and discuss its histopathological criteria and differential diagnosis with malignant vascular proliferations including sarcoma Kaposi, angiosarcoma and kaposiform hemangioe...

We report here a rare case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of mandible in an adult male, who presented to our department with a huge mass protruding out of the oral cavity. The patient underwent wide local excision of the mass, and histopathological features favored the diagnosis of EHE, which was finally confirmed by immunohistochemistry with CD31 tumor marker.