The Phase-Locked Loop is used to track an incoming signal and provide accurate carrier phase measurements on GPS receivers. However, the PLL performance is affected by the thermal noise and dynamic stress. In order to resolve the conflict between reducing PLL noise and overcoming the dynamic stress, some compromises must be taken in PLL design. This paper proposes a wavelet packet de-noising te...

Clock recovery circuits which extract the clock signal from random NRZ data are very important to the multigigabit-per-second integrated receivers. Regarding the factors of flexibility and cost of implementation, phase-locked loops are standard approaches to CRCs. In a PLL, the phase detector is a key component which determines several significant properties of the PLL. The goal of this project...

Title of dissertation: LOW PHASE NOISE CMOS PLL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Xinhua He, Doctor of Philosophy, 2007 Dissertation directed by: Professor Robert Newcomb Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer is a critical device of wireless transceivers. It works as a local oscillator (LO) for frequency translation and chann...

Protein recruitment to specific membrane locations may be governed or facilitated by electrostatic attraction, which originates from a multivalent ligand. Here we explored the energetics of a model system in which this simple electrostatic recruitment mechanism failed. That is, basic poly-L-lysine binding to one leaflet of a planar lipid bilayer did not recruit the triply-charged peptide (O-Pyr...

Grid-interactive power converters are normally synchronized to the grid using phase-locked loops (PLLs). The performance of the PLLs is affected by the non-ideal conditions in the sensed grid voltage such as harmonics, frequency deviations and dc offsets in single-phase systems. In this paper, a single-phase PLL is presented to mitigate the effects of these non-idealities. This PLL is based on ...

BACKGROUND The magnetic nanoparticle-based transfection method is a relatively new technique for delivery of functional genes to target tissues. We aimed to evaluate the transfection efficiency of rat neural stem cell (NSC) using poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (PLL)-coated super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). METHODS The SPION was prepared and coated with PLL as transfection agent...

G ALTON ET AL.”2 proposed the term, prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), in 1963, and in 1974, reported a series of 15 cases with PLL in which more precise morphological criteria for the disease were defined. According to the reported cases,2’4 PLL is a distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized by splenomegaly, minimal or absent lymph node enlargement, a pronounced leukocytosis with large numbe...

Genetic nonresponder guinea pigs made tolerant to BSA and then immunized with DNP-PLL.BSA failed to make anti-DNP-PLL antibodies. Thus, tolerance to a carrier protein renders animals unresponsive to the hapten which it bears. The addition in vitro of DNP-PLL or DNP-GL to lymph node cell cultures derived from genetic responder animals immunized with these materials led to a significant stimulati...

Phase locked loop (PLL) is a control system that generates a signal having a fixed relation with the phase of a reference signal. This system responds to both frequency and phase of the input signals, automatically raising or lowering the frequency of a controlled oscillator until it is matched to the reference in both frequency and phase. The performance of PLL is primarily dependent on the lo...

In order to evaluate the biocompatibility and bioactivity of recently described nanocomposite coatings, consisting of polyelectrolyte multilayers interspersed with calcium apatite crystals, extensive cell culture tests have been applied to coated and uncoated chemically etched titanium plates. The coatings had top calcium phosphate layers (PLL/PGA)10CaP[(PLL/PGA)5CaP]4 (A) or top polyelectrolyt...