Pest control in the agricultural fields, a major concern globally, is currently achieved through chemical or biological methods. Chemical methods, which leave toxic residue in the produce, are less preferred than biological methods. Venoms injected by stings of various wasps that kill the pest is considered as the examples of the biological method. Although several studies have investigated the...

We propose a treatment strategy combining an initial disinfestation treatment with one of three protective treatments as an alternative for chemical fumigation of almonds and raisins for control of postharvest insect populations. Initial disinfestation treatments using low oxygen controlled atmosphere (0.4% O2) were designed to disinfest product of field populations of pyralid moths; navel oran...

Phenoloxidase (PO) is a major component of the insect immune system. The enzyme is involved in encapsulation and melanization processes as well as wound healing and cuticle sclerotization. PO is present as an inactive proenzyme, prophenoloxidase (PPO), which is activated via a protease cascade. In this study, we have cloned a full-length PPO1 cDNA and a partial PPO2 cDNA from the Indianmeal mot...

functional response of trichogramma brassicae bez. to different densities of eggs of two host species anagasta kuehniella zell. and plodia interpunctella hub. was studied under laboratory conditions (24±1°c, 65±10% rh and 16: 8 l:d photoperiodism). one day old eggs of either host were offered to individual females of t.brassicae in densities 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 respectively in 21, 15, 1...

Environ Entomol 15: 369-372 (1986) ABSTRACT Sharing of the sex-pheromone communication channel by five species of P ~ Y citine moths was measured in a wind tunnel Overall, male pheromonal response was characterized both by high levels of interspecific attraction and broad overlap in the circadian periods of male response, with attraction to nonconspecific females 75% of that to conspecifics, on...