UNITY is a simple programming logic to reason about distributed systems. It is especially attractive because of its elegant axiomatical style. Since its power is limited, people introduce variants to extends it with various new functionalities. However, in the axiomatical style it is easy to make a mistake: a seemingly very logical new inference rule may turn out to be unsound. Formal verificat...

duns scouts the famous theologian of thirteen century under the influence of avecina’s doctorine of “nature” on the basis of hierarchy of the unity presents a hypothesis and describes the unconditioned nature as minor unity and individual entities as numerical unity. as an celeberating hypothesis of“distinct forms” it accounts with the haeccity as the criterion of individuality of external enti...

explanation of the multiplicity of the world and the way it was created from the beginning of existence is one the concerns of philosophers, including mullā ṣadrā. the discourse of the emanation of multiplicity from unity would be totally different with respect to the apparent words of ṣadrā, who believes in the gradational unity of existence and according to his specific viewpoint, believing i...