Policy actors seek network contacts to mitigate collective action problems endemic in all policy arenas. The Risk Hypothesis argues that actors seek contacts that maximize information transmission when cooperation involves low risks, but seek transitive, reciprocal relationships when risks of defection increase. We apply this risk hypothesis to 10 estuaries in the U.S, using survey data from 19...

BACKGROUND Health sector reforms taking place in Colombia during the Nineties included policies to promote social participation in the health system, which is considered essential to its functioning. The aim of this article is to analyse the meaning and the significance of participation in health for the different social actors involved in implementing policies in Colombia. METHODS A qualitat...

Diffuse pollution problems involve numerous different organizations and this requires decision makers to involve different actors if they want to develop policies that have a chance of being implemented effectively. A first step in such interactive policy development would be to gain an overview of the different actors involved in diffuse pollution problems, as well as their views on the proble...

BACKGROUND Evidence has come to play a central role in health policymaking. However, policymakers tend to use other types of information besides research evidence. Most prior studies on evidence-informed policy have focused on the policy formulation phase without a systematic analysis of its implementation. It has been suggested that in order to fully understand the policy process, the analysis...

The United States and Iran as former allies turned into adversaries after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Since then the United States has tried to contain Iran as a state considered to be a threat to the U.S. national security. The U.S. Congress has also acted in line with the administrations’ policies and in some cases directed the administration to take a tougher stance toward Iran. A review...

Policy literature on the insecurity of cyberspace frequently invokes comparisons to Cold War security strategy, thereby neglecting the fundamental differences between contemporary and Cold War security environments. This article develops an alternative viewpoint, exploring the analogy between cyberspace and another largely ungoverned space: the sea in the age of privateering. This comparison en...

This chapter aims to answer the research question: what is the role of internet policy and regulation in digital divides in Greece? I argue that Internet policy and regulation account significantly for the persistence of digital divides in Greece. The chapter draws on literature that views the role of policy and regulation in digital inclusion as problematic and proposes a more dialectical view...

INTRODUCTION Due to the large number of Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) in Iran, authorities have implemented a number of policies for the prevention of RTIs. However, a scientific analysis of these policies has thus far been neglected. Therefore, this study was conducted for policy analysis of RTIs prevention in Iran. METHODS This qualitative study with a case study approach was conducted in Ir...