MOTIVATION RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a powerful new technology for mapping and quantifying transcriptomes using ultra high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies. Using deep sequencing, gene expression levels of all transcripts including novel ones can be quantified digitally. Although extremely promising, the massive amounts of data generated by RNA-Seq, substantial biases and un...

Use of biodiesel as an alternative to diesel could reduce the dependency on petroleum products and the pollution problem. The physical properties of the fuel such as viscosity, volatility and f lash point also affect the combustion process, thereby engine performance. Specif ically atomization of the fuel during the injection is attributed to higher viscosity of biodiesel. Injec ted fuel drople...

Thirty sites of managed and native habitats were surveyed for leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the apple producing region of central Washington State and northern Oregon from September through November 1997-2000 to discover species that supported overwintering by the parasitoid Colpoclypeus florus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). C. florus, a species introduced from Europe, requires...

Using Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as a medium for culturing oleaginous yeast is advantageous simultaneous lipid production and waste removal. The organic compounds in POME can be utilised nutrient source growth. Rhodotorula toruloides was cultivated filtered unfiltered raw growth media this study. growth, pH changes media, removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were examined compared to grow...

Apple production in temperate regions is continuously imperiled by spring frosts. Economic losses caused frost damage can be enormous, and the risk of such projected to rise due global climate change. Induction bloom delay has been suggested as a potential avoidance strategy. However, applicable practices toward this goal are largely lacking, primarily complexity mechanisms governing dormancy b...

High organic materials in palm oil mill effluent (POME) can result serious water pollution. To date, biological treatment has been used to reduce the environmental risks of these effluents prior their discharge into streams. However, effluents’ dark brownish colour remains as a significant issue that must be addressed, it affects overall quality water. Although membrane technology frequently ad...

In this study, the performance of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with aerated condition at voltages 15, 20, and 25 kV on production biogas; CH4, H2, CO, CO2 removal COD BOD from POME were investigated. The experimental results showed that a rate 2.5 L/min high voltage (25 kV) produced was 9.4, 21.5, 19.6 times higher than non-aerated one, respectively. maximum cumulative volume 95.4 ± 8.92,...