When the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) "scores" legislation, or assesses the likely cost impact, it requires substantial evidence that a cost-saving initiative has historically achieved savings. The agency has difficulty addressing the impact of multiple changes made simultaneously without historical precedent where there is an interaction effect among proposed changes. This study examines ...

We examine the power of various capital ratios — scaled by total assets, riskweighted assets and gross revenues — to forecast U.S. bank failures. Capital ratios are the centerpiece of the 1988 Basel Accord, and various ratios are currently under consideration in Basel in connection with one of the three “pillars” of a more comprehensive approach to capital adequacy. Using data for the period 19...

We assume that m facility units (hospital, bank, post office, fire department, police station, bus station, etc.) are requested to be established for n cities which are on the same line. We have to choose m cities where the facility units will be established such that total distance from all cities to nearest facility units is minimum. Here, it is supposed that the person who is in the city whi...

Handwriting recognition is an important field as it has many practical applications such as for bank cheque processing, post office address processing and zip code recognition. Most applications are developed exclusively for Latin characters. However, despite tremendous effort by researchers in the past three decades, Arabic handwriting recognition accuracy remains low because of low efficiency...

In this paper two different methods for Numeral Recognition are proposed and their results are compared. The objective of this paper is to provide an efficient and reliable method for recognition of handwritten numerals. First method employs Grid based feature extraction and recognition algorithm. In this method the features of the image are extracted by using grid technique and this feature se...

This paper uses a new measure of bank service output to estimate various specifications of production and cost functions for Bank Holding Companies (BHCs) over the period 1986 to 1999. The new output series is a true flow measure of bank service value added, and it follows from a unified model of bank operation that integrates risk and the measurement of bank services. The model also establishe...

This paper studies the determinants of bank charter value and its disciplining effect on bank risktaking in the period since the mid-1980s. Due to significant macro developments in the banking industry, including legislation and regulation, consolidation, and technological advances, we find the magnitude, determinants, and the disciplining effect of bank charter value changed quite substantiall...

This paper develops a methodology for estimating potential cost savings from the use of market-based instruments (MBIs) when local emissions and abatement cost data are not available. The paper provides estimates of the cost savings for a 50% reduction of particulate emissions in India’s five main industrial states, as well as estimates of the benefits from doing so. The estimates are developed...

This paper develops a methodology for estimating potential cost savings from the use of market-based instruments (MBIs) when local emissions and abatement cost data are not available. The paper provides estimates of the cost savings for a 50% reduction of particulate emissions in India’s five main industrial states, as well as estimates of the benefits from doing so. The estimates are developed...

Studies on the cost structures of banks tend to find that economies of scale are negligible whereas improvements in X-efficiency facilitate much larger cost reductions. The implication is that banks should reduce costs by emulating industry best practice rather than increasing size. This interpretation is questionable because it is based on comparisons of two different economic concepts scale e...