Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com First described by Ashbaugh in 1967, ARDS was observed in combat patients who developed respiratory distress, diffuse lung infiltrates, and respiratory failure despite oxygen therapy after occurrence of nonthoracic injuries, severe pancreatitis, massive transfusions, sepsis and various other insults [2]. As compared to decades ago, today, clinicians...

ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS) is a clinical condition characterized by impaired gas exchange as a result of the accumulation of edema in the alveolar space. The clinical management of ARDS patients includes mechanical ventilation with high oxygen concentrations. Mechanical ventilation alleviates the work of breathing and hypoxemia while allowing time for the lungs to recover from t...

VALID AND RELIABLE DEFINItions are essential to conduct epidemiological studies successful ly and to facilitate enrollment of a consistent patient phenotype into clinical trials. Clinicians also need such definitions to implement the results of clinical trials, discuss prognosis with families, and plan resource allocation. Following the initial description of acute respiratory distress syndrome...

C onsidering the complex series of cardiorespira-tory changes that occurs at birth, it is not surprising that the transition to extrauterine life does not always proceed smoothly. Neonatal respiratory disorders account for the majority of admissions to intensive care units and result in significant morbidity and mortality. Once the infant shows signs of respiratory distress, prompt diagnosis is...

background: nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nippv) is a non-invasive ventilatory mode, which delivers mechanical ventilation via nasal tubes or prongs. the present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of nippv and nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (ncpap) in reducing the need for intubation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (rds)....

Celiac artery compression syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by postprandial intestinal angina caused by insufficient blood supply to the gastrointestinal organs. In this syndrome, the root of the celiac artery is compressed and narrowed by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm during expiration. We report here 3 such cases that were diagnosed by the use of multislice computed tom...

This review documents important progress made in 2013 in the field of critical care respirology, in particular with regard to acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Twenty-five original articles published in the respirology and critical care sections of Critical Care are discussed in the following categories: pre-clinical studies, protective lung ventilation--how low...

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and respiratory failure in the seriously ill patient. The diagnosis is clinical, established by the development of new bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia without congestive heart failure (1). The risk for ARDS also depends on both host and etiologic factors. The most common causes are s...

Obesity is associated with the metabolic syndrome. The aims were, first, to study the postprandial triglyceride clearance in young, healthy obese subjects and, second, to investigate if fasting triglycerides can predict delayed postprandial triglyceride clearance. Eighteen apparently healthy, obese subjects with no clinical signs of metabolic disturbances participated. Controls were age- and se...

Background: Respiratory distress is considered one of the most frequent causes of admission in the neonatal unit. Additionally, it is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress and its causes, risk factors, and outcomes to have a baseline data about the magnitude of respiratory distress with a further step ...