Background and aims – A plant’s tolerance of herbivory depends on its ability to endure compensate for damage so as lessen the impact that herbivores have performance (e.g. growth, reproduction, or fitness). While is beneficial plants, it rarely complete, individuals in plant populations tend vary their levels tolerance. The goal this study was investigate potential costs associated with leaf f...

Recent studies revealed that from various ecological factors influencing nectar yield and quality of a plant, soil properties can be as important microclimatic features. To date, few have investigated the relationship characters to traits bee pollinated plants growing in natural associations. Our study intended reveal which had most powerful impact on variables wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.). ...

This study aims to evaluate the impact of palm oil mill effluent treated with sodium carbonate on growth maize. The experiment consisted eight treatments concentrations viz 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0% and 8.0%. treatment was carried out potted maize plants six replications. Four kilograms soil weighed into each pot. Six pots were labelled as control untreated added them. Eight othe...

1 Population dynamics of the biennial plant Tragopogon pratensis have been monitored 2 in the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK, over many 3 years. Observations of diseased T. pratensis, systemically infected by the autoecious 4 demicyclic rust Puccinia hysterium, were made over the period 1995-2008, and 5 confirmed an outbreak pattern of dynamics, characterised by an ...

Four sterilants–bactericides (Physan-20, Fixed Copper, Phyton27, and Virkon) were compared as preplanting dips of Zantedeschia elliottiana Engl. W. Wats ‘Yellow’ (a susceptible cultivar) rhizomes to reduce plant losses due to latent fieldinfected Erwinia carotovora soft rot during greenhouse forcing as a flowering potted plant. All sterilant solutions were prepared in combination with Promalin,...

Primrose (Primula spp.), in the Primulaceae family, blooms early spring and is produced as a seasonal flower or potted ornamental. Even though primroses can be propagated by separating offspring from mother plant, reproduction coefficient low irregular late germination seen their seeds that prevent mass production. Therefore, with this study, it was aimed to production of wild primroses, which ...