I n what turned out to be a rhetorical master-move, the 1990 World Development Report from the World Bank defined the “extremely poor” people of the world as those who are currently living on no more than $1 per day per person, measured at the 1985 purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rate. In 1993, the poverty line was updated to $1.08 per person per day at the 1993 PPP exchange rate, which ...

1 According to World Bank 1990 estimates, 30% of the poor in the world, defined on the basis of a common poverty line, live in rural India.

A price rise signifies a fall in purchasing power, if there is no commensurate increase in income. Thus the pertinent question in the face of the phenomenal rise during the 1990s in the prices of the food articles, which account for a major chunk of the total expenditure of the poor, is whether there has been a corresponding increase in the incomes of the poor. The present paper is a modest att...

Fonkoze, a microfinance institution in Haiti, has used a poverty “scorecard” to benchmark existing client data to the $1-a-day extreme poverty line. By referring to data from a national survey of household income, 12 variables already routinely collected by Fonkoze were found to be suitable as indicators of whether a household is above or below the extreme poverty line. A scorecard was construc...

Poverty and Inequality Growth attributed to structural adjustment has During Structural benefited the population Adj.ustment in Rural generally, shifting a significairportion of the populatior Tanzania from below the poverty line to above it. Only that smanller fraction of the population M. Luisa Ferreira with extremely low incomes was unable to benefit fron the economy's impr-oved performance ...

Empirical research on poverty today often goes beyond a focus income to consider other dimensions of well-being. However, relatively few multidimensional measures explicitly time-use, despite its particular relevance women's double burden paid and unpaid work. We construct bivariate relative line between leisure, based their joint distribution in the population. Because strength dependence leis...

This study aims to determine the chronicity of poverty in Indonesia using equally distributed equivalent (EDE) gap method, tracking Indonesian households 2007 and 2014. The results indicate that largest component among was chronic (77%). Compared transient poverty, is more common across individuals. Unlike previous studies, we used data at district level measure line, discovering cost inequalit...

This paper examines Uganda’s progress on poverty reduction when poverty is measured in multiple dimensions. In particular, I consider poverty measures that are defined across household expenditures per capita or household assets, children’s health status, and in some cases, mother’s literacy. The comparisons are robust to the choice of poverty line, poverty measure, and sampling error. In gener...