In a de-regulated open access environment, reactive power is one of the ancillary services which must be provided by an Independent System Operator (ISO). In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed in which reactive power resources are initially so tuned that optimum security in terms of voltage profile and voltage stability are achieved while at the same time, the system losses are minimized. ...

The uncertainty of renewable energy sources (RESs) presents a challenge for power grid operation. To analyze the variability RESs, probabilistic flow (PPF) method has been introduced. This can be used to evaluate RES generation and its effects on system voltage flow. In this study, an analytical approach with PPF calculate line sensitivity by is proposed, which directly probability distribution...