PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED receptor (PPAR)is one of the three PPAR subtypes (PPAR , PPAR / , and PPAR ) that are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily (7, 12, 13, 19). Far beyond the stimulation of peroxisome proliferation in rodents after which they were initially named, PPARs control the transcription of large number of genes inv...

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), the naturally occurring amide of palmitic acid and ethanolamine, reduces pain and inflammation through an as-yet-uncharacterized mechanism. Here, we identify the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) as the molecular target responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of PEA. PEA selectively activates PPAR-alpha in vitro ...

Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α has been reported to be involved in preventing acute lung injury (ALI), the molecular regulation of post‑ALI lung recovery remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to characterize the mechanism by which PPAR‑α prevents ALI and examine the role of PPAR‑α in the recovery of lung function following acute respirato...

Oleylethanolamide (OEA) is a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety and body weight. Although structurally related to the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide, OEA does not bind to cannabinoid receptors and its molecular targets have not been defined. Here we show that OEA binds with high affinity to the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha), a nuclear receptor th...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) has currently been considered as molecular target for the treatment of human metabolic disorders. Experimental data from in vitro cultures, animal models, and clinical trials have shown that PPAR-gamma ligand activation regulates differentiation and induces cell growth arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer types. Tumor angiogen...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors that function as ligand-activated transcription factors to regulate lipid metabolism and homeostasis. In addition to their ability to promote gene transcription in a PPAR-dependent manner, ligands for this receptor family have recently been shown to induce mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pho...

Heterozygous peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor(PPAR)-deficient (PPAR / ) mice were protected from high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance. To determine the impact of systemic reduction of PPARactivity on -cell function, we investigated insulin secretion in PPAR / mice on a high-fat diet. Glucoseinduced insulin secretion in PPAR / mice was impaired in vitro. The tissue triglyceride (TG...

RXRA regulates transcription as part of a heterodimer with 14 other nuclear receptors, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Analysis from TCGA raised the possibility that hyperactive PPAR signaling, either due to PPAR gamma gene amplification or RXRA hot-spot mutation (S427F/Y) drives 20-25% of human bladder cancers. Here, we characterize mutant RXRA, demonstrating...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors belong to the superfamily of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription factors, which include three subtypes: PPAR-alpha, beta/delta, and gamma. PPAR-delta, play important roles in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation as well as tissue wound and repair. Emerging evidence has also demonstrated that PPAR-delta is implicated in lipids ...

Diabetes mellitus is known as metabolic disorder related to glucose intolerance which is characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus can be treated by insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. Most of known oral hypoglycemic are peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors (PPAR) agonist. There are three different subtypes of PPARs are identified and they are involved in glucose metabolism. A b...