Micropollutants occur in natural waters from a range of sources. Estrogenic compounds are naturally excreted by humans and hence stem predominantly from wastewater effluents. Due to their small molecular weight and concentration their effective control is a challenge. In this study magnetic ion exchange (MIEX), which was developed to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from surface water, was i...

The tripeptide y-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine. or glutathione. protects cells against oxidative damage by its ability to react with free radicals and peroxides. From studies with human neutrophilic granulocytes deficient in glutathione metabolism. it is known that the protection by this compound is essential for the proper functioning of these cells. Previous studies have yielded conflicting esti...

background: cardiac toxicity is one of the life-threatening effects of severe organophosphate (op) poisoning. we presented a patient with severe op poisoning, in cardiovascular shock poorly responsive to conventional treatments, who could be resuscitated successfully with intravenous lipid emulsion (ile) therapy. case report: a 26-year-old female was admitted to our emergency department who had...

The use of organophosphorus pesticides results in toxicity risk to non-target organisms. Organophosphorus compounds share a common mode of action, exerting their toxic effects primarily via acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. Consequently, acetylcholine accumulates in the synaptic clefts of muscles and nerves, leading to overstimulation of cholinergic receptors. Acute cholinergic crisis imm...

The weapons of mass destruction, chemical, biological and nuclear warfare are the most brutal created by the humans. They kill and incapacitate not only the armed forces but also the innocent public, without any mercy. The Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits the production, storage and use of toxic chemicals during warfare. In fact, the use of “Any chemical which through its chemical action o...

Background: There are a few studies that evaluate preparedness and availability of antidotes in the emergency setting and none have been conducted in Qatar. Published studies show that timely availability of antidotes in the emergency department setting is a common issue. To address this, we conducted a study to evaluate antidote stocking and utilization in Qatar hospital pharmacies and emergen...

Oximes are well known as acetylcholinesterase reactivators and are used in organophosphorus poisoning to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Therapeutically available oximes, namely, pralidoxime (2-PAM), obidoxime, trimedoxime and Hagedorn oxime (HI-6), have no broad-spectrum activity against structurally different kinds of organophosphorus anticholinesterases. The widely used oxime, 2-P...

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes play a central role in the protection of cells from cytotoxic chemicals and have a putative role in the intrinsic and acquired resistance of tumors to cytotoxic drugs. We have isolated and purified GST isozymes from mouse liver (M. Warholm et al., Biochemistry, 25: 4119-4125, 1986) and analyzed the metabolic products of the reaction of L-phenylalanine mu...

Studies have demonstrated that benzodiazepine compounds are effective at antagonizing seizure activity produced by the organophosphate (OP) cholinesterase inhibitor soman. In this present study we have investigated the pharmacokinetics of midazolam and its associated effects on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity following intramuscular (i.m.) injection to soman-exposed guinea pigs (Crl:(HA)...