Synthetic water-soluble polymeric materials are widely employed in e.g. cleaning detergents, personal care products, paints or textiles. Accordingly, these compounds reach sewage treatment plants and may enter receiving waters the aquatic environment. Characteristically, molecules show a polydisperse molecular weight distribution, comprising multiple repeating units, i.e. homologous series (HS)...

In the context of an idealized model describing an atom coupled to black-body radiation at a sufficiently high positive temperature, we show that the atom will end up being ionized in the limit of large times. Mathematically, this is translated into the statement that the coupled system does not have any time-translation invariant state of positive (asymptotic) temperature, and that the expecta...

‘ST Scientific results are summarized from a three year research program on multiphoton ionization in aromatic molecules, clusters, and their ions. As originally proposed, the studies elucida+ a new cluster ionization mechanism, characterized properties of long range intermolecular interactions. and investigated electronic transitions of aromatic cations cooled in a supersonic beam. The studies...

Ionization rates of molecules have been modeled with time-dependent configuration interaction simulations using atom centered basis sets and a complex absorbing potential. The simulations agree with accurate grid-based calculations for the ionization of hydrogen atom as a function of field strength and for charge resonance enhanced ionization of H2(+) as the bond is elongated. Unlike grid-based...

We study strong field double ionization of a series of organic molecules by making use of coincidence detection of fragment ions. We measure the double ionization yield as a function of pulse duration, intensity, polarization, and molecular conjugation. For conjugated molecules we find strong enhancement in the double ionization rate over what one would expect on the basis of tunneling or multi...

We propose an empirical formula for the static field ionization rates of atoms and molecules by extending the well-known analytical tunnelling ionization rates to the barrier-suppression regime. The validity of this formula is checked against ionization rates calculated from solving the Schrödinger equation for a number of atoms and ions. The empirical formula retains the simplicity of the orig...

This little book comprises four chapters. The first explains what is meant by ionization, and describes how the electric current may be utilized for the introduction of drugs into the body. The second deals with the equipment necessary, and includes a brief explanation of certain electrical terms and methods of regulating the current. The author very rightly extols Professor Leduc's water resis...

Positive and negative ions generated by laser-based ionization methods from three gold:thiolate cluster compounds are mass analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The three compounds have similar inorganic core masses ( approximately 29 kDa, approximately 145 Au atoms) but different n-alkanethiolate ligands associated with each cluster compound (Au:SR, R = butane, hexane, dodecane). Irrad...

BACKGROUND There is a clinical need for new technologies that would enable rapid disease diagnosis based on diagnostic molecular signatures. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry has revolutionized the means by which molecular information can be obtained from tissue samples in real time and with minimal sample pretreatment. New developments in ambient ionization techniques applied to clinical re...

The U+O chemi-ionization reaction has been investigated by quantum chemical methods. Potential-energy curves have been calculated for several electronic states of UO and UO(+). Comparison with the available spectroscopic and thermodynamic values for these species is reported and a mechanism for the chemi-ionization reaction U+O-->UO(+)+e(-) is proposed. The U+O and Sm+O chemi-ionization reactio...