In this paper, assuming that there is an intermediate functional category called Agreement Phrase (AGRP) in DP, I argue that an adnominal modifier such as a pre-nominal adjective or relative clause (RC) is base-generated in Spec,AGRP. In particular, I distinguish between Restrictive Adnominal Modifiers (RAM) and Non-restrictive Adnominal Modifiers (NAM), and argue that the NAM in head-final lan...

Demonstrative noun phrases (e.g., that guy, this) are of interest to philosophers of language and semanticists because they are sensitive to demonstrations or speaker intentions. The interpretation of a demonstrative therefore sheds light on the role of the context in natural language semantics. This survey reviews two types of approaches to demonstratives: Kaplan’s direct reference treatment o...

Syllable-to-word (STW) conversion is a frequently used Chinese input method that is fundamental to syllable/speech understanding. The two major problems with STW conversion are the segmentation of syllable input and the ambiguities caused by homonyms. This paper describes a meaningful word-pair (MWP) identifier that can be used to resolve homonym/segmentation ambiguities and perform STW convers...

Telomerase activation is a critical step in human carcinogenesis through the maintenance of telomeres. Telomerase activity is primarily regulated by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT), thus, an improved understanding of the transcriptional control of hTERT may provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of leukemia and other forms of cancer. Epigenetic modulatio...

Arousing readers’ interest constitutes a major component in argumentative essays, but how writers use language resources to capture the written discourse remains fascinating area for qualitative exploration. Based on genre-based analytical framework, researchers studied salient linguistic used by professional attract attention their essays. Additional information was elicited from specialist in...

since the verbs of and have similar use and play an important role in arabic grammar, it was useful to study both and discuss about their functions. following the discussion we found that there is five different functions for :first, it is an imperfect verb, (that give the noun an nominative case and the comment an objective case) arabic grammar experts disagree if it has a verb function or a n...

Three eye-tracking experiments investigated the role of pitch accents during online discourse comprehension. Participants faced a grid with ornaments, and followed pre-recorded instructions such as "Next, hang the blue ball" to decorate holiday trees. Experiment 1 demonstrated a processing advantage for felicitous as compared to infelicitous uses of L+H* on the adjective noun pair (e.g. blue ba...

Philosophers and psychologists of language have coined the term "sortal" to refer to the concepts which underpin count nouns. A sortal is a concept which provides criteria for individuation and numerical identity. Criteria for individuation are the basis for counting; we cannot count without specifying a count noun such as "cat" or "table". Criteria for numerical identity (in the sense of one a...

In this paper we highlight the specific meaning of images of fuzzy sets under fuzzy relations in the context of fuzzy topology. More precisely we show that fuzzy modifiers taking direct and superdirect images of fuzzy sets under fuzzy pre-orderings are respectively closure and interior operators, inducing fuzzy topologies. Furthermore we investigate under which conditions the same applies to th...