The origin and development of consciousness is poorly understood. Although it is clearly a naturalistic phenomenon evolved through Darwinian evolution, explaining it in terms of physicochemical, neural, or symbolic mechanisms remains elusive. Here I propose that two steps had to be taken in its evolution. First, living systems evolved an intrinsic goal-directedness by internalizing Darwinian fi...

This paper presents the hypothesis that concept possession is sufficient and necessary for self-consciousness. If this is true it provides a yardstick for gauging the validity of different research paradigms in which claims for self-consciousness in animals or human infants are made: a convincing demonstration of concept possession in a research subject, such as a display of inferential reasoni...

Vasily Sesemann’s manuscript Self-Knowledge, Self-Consciousness and Objectification explores the relationship of consciousness with self-consciousness subconscious, as well various forms objectification consciousness. This can be attributed to a group texts that discuss origin metaphysical between matter spirit. Sesemann studied consciousness, describing it an intentional experience rejecting i...

In this paper, a theoretical account of the functional role of consciousness in the cognitive system of normal subjects is developed. The account is based upon an approach to consciousness that is drawn from the phenomenological tradition. On this approach, consciousness is essentially peripheral self-awareness, in a sense to be duly explained. It will be argued that the functional role of cons...

In this paper I examine William James' concept of the 'warmth and intimacy' of bodily self-consciousness and relate it to recent attempts to recast bodily self-consciousness in strictly neural terms. James takes bodily 'warmth and intimacy' to solve a number of problems related to the material and spiritual aspects of self and personal identity. He mentions but does not fully explore the possib...

This paper provides the results of a phenomenological study of patients with schizophrenia during their first psychiatric hospitalization. The study aims at clarify aspects related to the diagnosis of schizophrenia and to reach a greater understanding of the illness, with a view to contribute to prevention and psychotherapeutic intervention models. First, the paper offers a description of the p...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between medial cortical activation and the presence of self and consciousness in healthy subjects and patients with vegetative state and minimally conscious state using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). EXPERIMENT DESIGN We first conducted two fMRI experiments in healthy subjects to identify brain regions specifi...

a matrix $pintextmd{c}^{ntimes n}$ is called a generalized reflection matrix if $p^{h}=p$ and $p^{2}=i$‎. ‎an $ntimes n$‎ ‎complex matrix $a$ is said to be a reflexive (anti-reflexive) matrix with respect to the generalized reflection matrix $p$ if $a=pap$ ($a=-pap$)‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎we introduce two iterative methods for solving the pair of matrix equations $axb=c$ and $dxe=f$ over reflexiv...

This paper aims to analyse egocentric indexicals 'I', 'now', and 'here' as different aspects of the same self-conscious or self-referential act emphasising underlying phenomenological structure essential indexical 'I'. What makes an is not its indexicality but mental state indicated by use. Therefore, interpreting them only in confines language severely limits scope investigation. First, I will...