Basal performance, volume loading response and oxygen consumption were determined in a resistance-headed preparation of the isolated trout heart. Two groups of hearts were used: the +CF group, in which the coronary vascular tree was perfused with a flow directly related to the pressure generated by the heart, and the -CF group, in which the coronary flow was set to zero. As a criterion for sett...

BACKGROUND Facet joints play a significant role in providing stability to the spine and they have been associated with low back pain symptoms and other spinal disorders. The influence of a follower load on biomechanics of facet joints is unknown. A comprehensive research on the biomechanical role of facets may provide insight into facet joint instability and degeneration. METHOD A nonlinear f...

BACKGROUND Because the source of protein may play a role in its satiating effect, we investigated the effect of different proteins on satiation and short-term satiety. METHODS Two randomized single-blind cross-over studies were completed. In the first study, we investigated the effect of a preload containing 20 g of casein, whey, pea protein, egg albumin or maltodextrin vs. water control on f...

BACKGROUND Hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery remains a major clinical problem. Fluid preloading regimens together with vasopressors have been used to reduce its incidence. Previous studies have used noninvasive arterial blood pressure measurement and vasopressor requirements to evaluate the effect of preload. We used a suprasternal Doppler flow technique to measure mater...

background spinal anesthesia is an important and commonly used method for surgical anesthetic in operating rooms. however, even with identical drug dosage and administration mode, the extent of drug distribution in vivo is highly variable and difficult to control. preanesthetic administration of fluids immediately before spinal anesthesia (preload) is normal practice. the choice of fluid type m...

Renal functional reserve, microalbuminuria, and plasma atrial natriuretic factor were measured in 21 offspring (9.5±0.5 years of age, mean±SEM) of hypertensive parents and in eight children (10±0.5 years of age) with no family history of hypertension who were used as a control group. Renal functional reserve was evaluated by measurement of the changes in creatinine clearance after an oral prote...

At high speeds and under large axial forces, the disc–drum combined structure exhibits inconsistent deformation between parts. The difference in structural characteristics of different parts, speed, preload, its distribution mode, along with other factors, make parts more complex, resulting during work; this inconsistency has a direct impact on engine performance. This paper presents systemic i...

Predicting fluid responsiveness has become a topic of major interest. Measurements of intravascular pressures and volumes often fail to predict the response to fluids, even though very low values are usually associated with a positive response to fluids. Dynamic indices reflecting respiratory-induced variations in stroke volume have been developed; however, these cannot be used in patients with...

Mechanoelectrical feedback, defined as changes in mechanical state that precede and alter transmembrane potential, may have potential importance in understanding the role of altered load and contractility in the initiation and modulation of ventricular arrhythmias. To assess the independent effects of preload and contractility on myocardial excitability and action potential duration, we determi...