Long-term success of endodontic treatment is strictly dependent on proper shaping and cleaning of the root canal system followed by obturation of entire prepared space. Anatomical variations should be considered during radiographic and clinical evaluation as parts of endodontic treatment. A mandibular premolar with three canals is quite rare and such a tooth requires special canal preparation a...

Developmental anomalies can occur as a result of conjoining or twinning defects. These include fusion, gemination and concrescence. Such anomalies occur more often in the deciduous than in the permanent dentition and only a few cases involving molar and premolar teeth have been reported in the literature. Cases of bilateral double teeth are less frequent than unilateral and prevalence seems to ...

In this report, we present the case of a girl with delayed odontogenesis of a lower second premolar for which she was followed up for 8.5 years. Congenital absence of permanent mandibular second premolars was observed at the initial radiographic examination at 8 years and 1 month. One year later, during the treatment period, an unexpected odontogenesis of a right second premolar was diagnosed o...

Data are presented on the frequency of the following eight dental traits in 635 Yanomama and 65 Makiritare Indians: upper central incisor rotation or winging, shoveling of maxillary incisors, maxillary molar hypocone reduction, Carabelli's trait, mandibular molar cusp number, mandibular molar cusp pattern rotation of second lower premolar, and pattern of second lower premolar cusps. Yanomama de...

Extraction versus non-extraction debate has been a major controversy in orthodontics and it is still continuing since Angle era. Extraction of premolar teeth is the conventional treatment of choice for the management of class I malocclusion cases but in border line cases, orthodontists find difficulty in making a decision particularly in cases with good facial esthetics. However class I maloccl...

A 38-year-old male presented with a slowly growing mass of the right mandible. The lesion displaced the mandibular canine and premolar teeth on the same side.

Various types of appliances have been tried by the Orthodontists for fixed orthodontic treatment. Irrespective appliance used main goal retraction anterior teeth in extraction cases is to keep vertical dimension stable so as not allow downward and backward rotation mandible. The aim this study was compare changes mandibular following treatment on subjects who undergone all first premolars. Pre ...