this study explores the person/number suffixes in laki in a descriptive-analytic method. having a broad distribution, these suffixes can attach to subject and object nps, prepositions, and verbs. by considering the uniform syntactic behavior of subjects of transitive and intransitive predicates and it’s contrast with the behavior of objects of transitive predicates, the authors show that these ...

This paper deals with issues that a bidirectional GermanRussian machine translation system faces when the meaning of spatial prepositions in these languages does not line up. A uniform representation language is used to define the meaning of spatial prepositions in a language independent way. This formal language makes it possible to compare monolingual meaning representations and allows for th...

A mong the most frequently used words in English are simple prepositions like in or on whose basic meaning is spatial in character. What we propose in this article is a classification of the kinds of geometry that underlie the basic meaning of various spatial prepositions. The distinctions among geometries underlying these prepositions has not, as far as we can tell, been previously noted in th...

This work presents the semantical analysis of the two spatial prepositions and associated prefixes, the French sur, sur-(on) and the Polish przez, prze-(across). We propose a theory of abstract places (loci), as a method of description which helps to build an invariant meanings of the two linguistics units. 1 Introduction Natural languages encode spatial and temporal representations in many var...

Children climb on jungle gyms, run around trees, and kiss their parents. The everyday world in which we live is fundamentally dynamic, with events defined in terms of the relations that objects have to actions. When we label these events and relations, we use relational words that come in all forms. They can be nouns such as brother, island, and passenger (Hall & Waxman, 1993; Keil & Batterman,...