Starting from an analysis of two diagrams for 10 classes of signs designed by Peirce in 1903 and 1908 (CP 2.264 and 8.376), this paper sets forth the basis for a diagrammatic understanding of all kinds of classifications based on his triadic model of a sign. Our main argument is that it is possible to observe a common pattern in the arrangement of Peirce’s diagrams of 3-trichotomic classes, and...

Given a parameterized n-dimensional SQL query template and a choice of query optimizer, a plan diagram is a color-coded pictorial enumeration of the execution plan choices of the optimizer over the query parameter space. Similarly, we can define cost diagram and cardinality diagram as the pictorial enumerations of cost and cardinality estimations of the optimizer over the same space. These thre...

Adic maps on simple ordered Bratteli diagrams, called Bratteli-Vershik systems, have been proven to be extremely useful as models for minimal Cantor systems. In particular, the dimension group given by the diagram is order isomorphic to the ordered cohomology group for the system, and this along with a distinguished order unit is shown to be the complete invariant for strong orbit equivalence i...

Although interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion is essential for control of most intracellular pathogens, host survival often also depends on the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), a cytokine known to counteract IFN-gamma effector functions. We analyzed the source of regulatory IL-10 in mice infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Unexpectedly, IFN-gamma-secreting T-bet(+)Fox...

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) enables these cells to recognize peptidoglycan-embedded lipopeptides and glycopolymers in the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall and mount an inflammatory response to this microbe. TLR2 signalling can also modulate immunity to S. aureus by inducing an interleukin (IL)-10 response in APCs. What determines the balance between proinflammat...

Female SJL mice preferentially mount Th1-immune responses and are susceptible to the active induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. By contrast, young adult male SJL are resistant to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis due to an APC-dependent induction of Th2 cells. The basis for this gender-dependent differential T cell induction was examined by analysis of macrophage APC cyt...

Neutron stars could contain a mixture of ordinary nuclear matter and dark matter, such that influence observable properties the star, as its mass radius. We study these admixed neutron for two choices matter: free Fermi gas mirror matter. In addition to solving multifluid Tolmon-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations static solutions presenting mass-radius diagrams, we focus on computations are lacking ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect Problem Based Learning model on learning outcomes data presentation in form a bar diagrams Class IV SDN Cluster II, Lubuk Kilangan District, Padang City. This research is quantitative with type quasi-experimental design. Using purposive sampling technique, we obtained 24 students from class IVA 09 Bandar Buat as experimental and 25 IVB contr...

Blockade of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) limits macrophage infiltration and improves response of mammary carcinomas to chemotherapy. Herein we identify interleukin (IL)-10 expression by macrophages as the critical mediator of this phenotype. Infiltrating macrophages were the primary source of IL-10 within tumors, and therapeutic blockade of IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) was equivalent to CSF-1...

Genetically modified B cells are excellent tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in multiple models of autoimmunity. However, the mechanisms of action are still not completely understood. In our models, we generate antigen-specific tolerogenic B cells by transducing naïve or primed B cells with an antigen-immunoglobulin G (peptide-IgG) construct. In order to be transduced, B cells require...