Introduction The necessary biomass pretreatment step, to render the material accessible to the relevant enzyme pool, has been under thorough investigation as the production of biomass syrups, via enzymatic hydrolysis, with high sugars concentrations and yields and low inhibitors concentrations requires the pretreatment to be both efficient and low cost. A good choice for biomass pretreatment sh...

The development of efficient pretreatments is widely used in biobased products aiming to add value the residue. In this study, orange bagasse investigated for cellulose extraction under moderate chemical sequential conditions. Three are evaluated: alkaline treatment, organosolv, and residue insoluble alcohol. Then, all pretreated samples bleached. results analyzed by composition, Fourier transf...

Most researchers assume minimal impact of pretreatment on strontium isotope ratios ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) for bones and teeth, methods vary tremendously. We compared 14 methods, including no prep other than powdering enamel, ashing, soaking in water, an oxidizing agent (bleach or hydrogen peroxide) acetic acid (0.1 M, 1.0 M buffered with calcium acetate), a combination these steps. prepared analyzed a...

Fixed chromosome preparations subjected to treatments such as pH 9 (I) or trypsin hydrolysis (2) and stained with Giemsa's demonstrate similar banding patterns irrespective of the pretreatments used. It has been shown that this phenomenon is the result of modifications of DNA-protein and protein-protein associations which alter dye interaction (3-5). It appears that only Giemsa's or related sta...

background: despite widespread clinical uses of resin-modifi ed glass-ionomers (rmgis), their sealing ability is still a concern. this study evaluated the effect of delayed light activation (dla) of rmgi on marginal sealing in differently pretreated cavities. materials and methods: in this in vitro study, two standardized class v cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 56 s...

Organosilanes are candidates to replace chromates as metal surface pretreatments to inhibit corrosion. Current research shows that silane films are strictly water barriers and show no electrochemical corrosion inhibition. To improve the corrosion performance of silane film, therefore, the foremost objective is to improve water resistance. An understanding the interaction of silane with water is...

Fixed chromosome preparations subjected to treatments such as pH 9 (I) or trypsin hydrolysis (2) and stained with Giemsa's demonstrate similar banding patterns irrespective of the pretreatments used. It has been shown that this phenomenon is the result of modifications of DNA-protein and protein-protein associations which alter dye interaction (3-5). It appears that only Giemsa's or related sta...

−Five pretreatment methods, namely chemical, acid, heat-shock, freezing and thawing, and base, were evaluated for the enrichment of hydrogen-producing bacteria in anaerobic granulated sludge, which will be subsequently used as seed in biological hydrogen production. All the pretreatments showed positive effects towards improving hydrogen (H 2 ) generation by the microbial population with higher...