This paper uses a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between hypothetical bias and the price respondents are asked to pay. For public goods, the results clearly indicate a difference in the price elasticity between hypothetical and actual payment conditions. Since the bias increases for larger dollar amounts, any simple guidelines, such as NOAA’s “divide by two” rule of thumb, could be m...

We adopt the optimization framework for rate allocation problem proposed by Kelly and characterize the stability condition with arbitrary communication delay. We demonstrate that there is a fundamental trade-off between the price elasticity of demand of users and responsiveness of the resources through a choice of price function as well as between the system stability and resource utilization.

Abstract: On December 2010, the government of Iran ended the decades-long subsidy program for bread and energy products and launched the Targeted Subsidy Reform program that considerably raised prices of food products. The objective of the study was to measure welfare impacts of food price changes on Iranian urban households between two survey data of 2009/10 and 2011/12 which were taken from I...

BACKGROUND Vaccination programs often organize subsidies and public relations in order to obtain high uptake rates and coverage. However, effects of subsidies and public relations have not been studied well in the literature. In this study, the demand function of pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly in Japan is estimated, incorporating effects of public relations and subsidy. METHODS Us...

abstract marketing element’s contrastive behaviors toward price risk had considerable effect on marketing margin in a way that transferring increase in price to final consumer, reduces purchasing power and so consumption amounts of consumers. present study evaluated effective parameters on marketing margin in 2 level of ranch-processing and processing- retail of beef and lamb with consideration...

iran has experienced high food prices in recent years. this paper examines the welfare impacts of rising major food groups' prices on iranian urban households using quadratic almost ideal demand system (quaids) approach. the elasticity coefficients derived from quaids are used to estimate compensated variations (cv).the study uses iranian household expenditure and income survey (heis) raw data,...

among the agricultural important factors, inputs are the most significant in agricultural production. this article aimed to examine the impact of government subsidy policies on production of one of the most strategic products, namely on production of one of the most strategic products, namely maize, in iran. to achieve this goal, panel data for the nine provinces of iran's major producers of ma...

This paper uses supermarket scanner data to estimate brand- and packaging-specific own- and cross-price elasticities for beer. We find that brand- and packaging-specific beer sales are highly price elastic. Cross-price elasticity estimates suggest that individuals are more likely to buy a higher-volume package of the same brand of beer than they are to switch brands. Policy simulations suggest ...

There are strong incentives to delay or accelerate investment to take advantage of predictable changes in after-tax prices. For sufficiently long-lived capital goods, these incentives are so strong that the intertemporal elasticity of investment demand is nearly infinite. For temporary tax changes, the equilibrium shadow price of long-lived capital goods should fully reflect the tax subsidy reg...

Recent Hurricane Katrina and Rita caused severe economic cessations without expectations in Louisiana State. The natural disasters temporarily produced quantity losses in oil-industry and lead to further economic losses via interindustrial relations. In a sense that oil industry plays a key role to support national economy, estimation of the economic impacts of the disasters should be based on ...